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What do a seventeen-year-old Pakistani, a Norwegian explorer, a Tibetan monk, and an American pastor have in common?
一個17歲的巴基斯坦人，一位挪威探險家，一個西藏和尚和一名美國牧師之間有什么相同之處呢？
They were all awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
那就是他們都被授予了諾貝爾獎。
Among the top prestigious awards in the world, this prize has honored some of the most celebrated and revered international figures and organizations in history.
在世界上最負聲望的獎項中，此獎被頒發(fā)給歷史上最有名望和受人尊敬的國際人物以及組織。
To understand how it all got started, we have to go back to the 1800s.
為了了解它的起源，我們需要追溯到19世紀。
Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel was then mostly known for the invention of dynamite, a breakthrough which launched his career as a successful inventor and businessman.
瑞典化學家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾因炸藥的發(fā)明而為人所知，這個重大成就讓他以一位成功發(fā)明家和商人的身份開創(chuàng)了自己的事業(yè)。
30 years later, he had become extremely wealthy, but never married, and had no children.
30年后，他變得極其富有，卻從未結(jié)婚，也沒有兒女。
When his will was opened after his death, it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for five prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace.
他辭世后遺囑被公開，人們很驚訝，因為他的財富都被用于設(shè)立物理、化學、醫(yī)藥、文學與和平五個領(lǐng)域的獎項。
These prizes illustrated his lifelong commitment to sciences and his passion for literature.
這些獎項詮釋了他對科學的畢生追求以及對文學的熱愛。
But what about peace?
但是和平獎又怎么解釋呢？
Because Nobel's name was tied to inventions used in the war industry, many have assumed that he created the peace prize out of regret.
由于諾貝爾的名字與軍工發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，許多人猜測他設(shè)立和平獎是出于愧疚。
However, this is all speculation as he never expressed any such sentiments, and his inventions were also used for constructive purposes.
然而，這皆是猜測而已，他從未表達過此想法，而且他的發(fā)明也用于建設(shè)目的。
Instead, many historians connect Alfred Nobel's interest for the peace cause to his decade-long friendship and correspondence with an Austrian pacifist named Bertha Von Suttner.
反之，許多歷史學家把阿弗雷德·諾貝爾對和平的興趣歸結(jié)于他和一位名叫貝爾塔·馮·蘇特納的澳大利亞和平主義者之間長達十年的友誼和通信。
Von Suttner was one of the leaders of the international peace movement, and in 1905, after Nobel's death, she became the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
馮·蘇特納是世界和平運動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一，1905年諾貝爾逝世后，她成為了獲得諾貝爾和平獎的第一名女性。
Nobel's will outlined three criteria for the Peace Prize, which unlike the other Sweden-based prizes, would be administered in Norway. Disarmament, peace congresses, and brotherhood between nations.
和其它瑞典獎項不同，諾貝爾和平獎在挪威舉行，諾貝爾的遺囑概括了和平獎的三項標準：取消或裁減常備軍隊，和平大會以及促進民族團結(jié)友好。
These standards have since been expanded to include other ways of promoting peace, such as human rights and negotiations.
這些標準已經(jīng)擴展到其它促進和平的方式，例如人權(quán)和磋商。
And the prize doesn't just have to go to one person.
這一獎項并非只頒發(fā)給個人。
About a third of Noble Peace Prizes have been shared by two or three laureates.
三分之一的和平獎都由兩至三位獲獎?wù)吖蚕怼?/div>
So how do nominations for the prize work?
那么獎項的提名是如何運作的呢？
According to the Nobel Foundation, a valid nomination can come from a member of a national assembly, state government, or an international court.
根據(jù)諾貝爾基金會規(guī)定，有效的提名可以由挪威議會、州立政府或者國際法院的成員提出。
Eligible nominators also include university rectors, professors of the social sciences, history, philosophy, law, and theology, and previous recipients of the Peace Prize.
有資格的提名者可以是大學校長，社會科學、哲學、法學、神學的教授，以及諾貝爾和平獎的歷屆獲獎人。
But if you want to know more about who was recently nominated, you'll have to be patient.
但是如果你想知道更多關(guān)于最近誰被提名的消息，你最好耐心些。
All information about nominations remains secret for 50 years.
所有提名者的信息都會保密五十年。
Take Martin Luther King Jr.
就拿馬丁·路德金來說吧。
We didn't actually know who nominated him until 2014.
事實上我們在2014年之前都不知道是誰提名了他。
His nominators turned out to be the Quakers, who had won the prize previously, and eight members of the Swedish Parliament.
他的提名者被證實是貴格會，也就是前任獲獎?wù)咭约叭鸬渥h會的八名成員。
