評(píng)論
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So the second question really was, you know, so we know that our minds change our bodies,
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題就是，我們知道心理狀態(tài)會(huì)影響我們的身體，
but is it also true that our bodies change our minds?
那身體是否能影響心理呢？
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what am I talking about?
這里所說(shuō)的心理充滿力量，究竟指的是什么？
So I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings,
我指的是想法和感覺(jué)，以及可以組成我們想法和感受的實(shí)際事物，
and in my case, that's hormones. I look at hormones.
我這里是指荷爾蒙。我指的是這個(gè)。
So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like?
充滿力量和沒(méi)有力量的心智，是什么樣的呢？
So powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic.
毫不令人意外，心理堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人往往比較果斷、自信且樂(lè)觀。
They actually feel they're going to win even at games of chance.
就連在賭注里也覺(jué)得他們會(huì)贏。
They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. So there are a lot of differences. They take more risks.
他們也傾向于能夠抽象地思考。所以這其中有很大區(qū)別。他們更敢于冒險(xiǎn)。
There are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people.
充滿力量與充滿無(wú)力感的人差別真的很大。
Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones:
在生理上，有兩個(gè)重要的荷爾蒙對(duì)此有影響：
testosterone, which is the dominance hormone, and cortisol, which is the stress hormone.
一個(gè)是睪酮，是一種支配性荷爾蒙，另一個(gè)是皮質(zhì)醇，是一種壓力荷爾蒙。
So what we find is that high-power alpha males in primate hierarchies have high testosterone and low cortisol,
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，靈長(zhǎng)類里的雄性首領(lǐng)有大量的睪酮和低量的皮質(zhì)醇，
and powerful and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol.
強(qiáng)勢(shì)，高效能的領(lǐng)袖人物也有大量的睪酮與低量的皮質(zhì)醇。
So what does that mean? When you think about power, people tended to think only about testosterone, because that was about dominance.
這意味著什么？當(dāng)你想到力量，人們往往只想到睪酮，因?yàn)樗碇浣y(tǒng)治。
But really, power is also about how you react to stress.
但力量其實(shí)也和如何處理壓力有關(guān)。
So do you want the high-power leader that's dominant, high on testosterone, but really stress reactive? Probably not, right?
所以你會(huì)想要一個(gè)有著很高濃度的睪酮，但同時(shí)又高度緊張的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)嗎？大概不會(huì)吧，不是嗎？
You want the person who's powerful and assertive and dominant, but not very stress reactive, the person who's laid back.
你會(huì)希望那個(gè)人是充滿力量，肯定果斷且非常強(qiáng)勢(shì)，但也不會(huì)對(duì)壓力反應(yīng)過(guò)度，不能輕松以對(duì)。
