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The peasants were starving. The urban workers were hungry.
農民在挨餓，城市工人在挨餓
The intelligentsia resented being held away from public affairs.
知識分子痛恨被排除出公共事務之外
Even the military was angry that they were set up to fail in the Russo-Japanese War.
甚至軍方也因為俄日戰爭中被構陷的失敗而心懷不滿
Isolated protests changed into widespread revolution.
孤立的抗議演變成大規模的革命
Workers and intelligentsia marched in the cities.
工人和知識分子在城市中游行在農村地區
In the rural districts, the peasants kept burning manors and lynching nobleman.
農民一直在燒毀莊園，對貴族動用私刑
In St. Petersburg, an organization called the Soviet, or Council, or Union, sprang up and claimed power.
在圣彼得堡，一個叫做蘇維埃，或議會，或聯合體的組織迅速崛起，并且要求獲得權力
And Nicholas the Second was in a tight spot.
尼古拉二世處境堪憂
Since not even Alexandra could devise a way to bring back autocratic power,
因為即使亞歷山德拉也想不出能夠重新獲得獨裁權力的辦法
he was forced to hold his nose and permit a limited parliamentary democracy.
他不得不被迫同意實行有限的議會制民主制
The new parliamentary assembly called the Duma was intended by Nicholas only to rubber stamp his personal decisions.
新的立憲議會被稱作杜馬，尼古拉對它的希望是例行公事地批準
Thrilled to get to take part in government at last, the intelligentsia formed political parties and decided whether to cooperate with the Duma or not.
他個人的決定，對終于能夠參加政府事務感到激動不已的知識分子形成了各種政黨考慮究竟要不要跟杜馬合作
Meanwhile, Nicholas had found the strong right-hand man he'd always wanted,
與此同時，尼古拉找到了一個他一直想要的得力助手
Peter Stolypin, an individual so self-confident that the revolutionaries immediately tried to blow him up.
彼得·斯托雷平，一個自信滿滿的人，革命者立即決定要把他炸死
In response, Stolypin sent squadrons of soldiers into the countryside.
作為回應，斯托雷平把各隊士兵派到了鄉下
