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397. Forts Henry and Donelson, February, 1862.
397．亨利要塞與丹尼爾森要塞（1862年2月）
In February, 1862, General Grant and Commodore Foote attacked two forts which the Confederates had built to keep the Federal gunboats from penetrating the western part of the Confederacy. Fort Henry yielded almost at once, but the Union forces besieged Fort Donelson for a longer time. Soon the Confederate defense became hopeless, and General Buckner asked for the terms of surrender."Unconditional surrender," replied Grant, and Buckner surrendered. The lower Tennessee and the lower Cumberland were now open to the Union forces.
1862年2月，格蘭特將軍和海軍準將符提攻打了南方聯(lián)盟的兩個要塞，這兩個要塞是為阻止聯(lián)邦炮艇插入南方聯(lián)盟西部地區(qū)而修建。亨利要塞幾乎立刻就投降，但是，聯(lián)邦軍隊包圍丹尼爾森要塞的時間相對長一些。很快南方聯(lián)盟沒有希望再堅守下去，巴克納將軍請求投降的要件，格蘭特將軍的回答是"無條件投降"，于是，巴克納投降。此時，田納西和坎伯蘭兩河下游都在聯(lián)邦軍隊的控制之下。
398. Importance of New Orleans.
398．新奧爾良的重要性
New Orleans and the lower Mississippi were of great importance to both sides, for the possession of this region gave the Southerners access to Texas, and through Texas to Mexico. Union fleets were blockading every important Southern port. But as long as commerce overland with Mexico could be maintained, the South could struggle on. The Mississippi, too, has so many mouths that it was difficult to keep vessels from running in and out. For these reasons the Federal government determined to seize New Orleans and the lower Mississippi. The command of the expedition was given to Farragut, who had passed his boyhood in Louisiana. He was given as good a fleet as could be provided, and a force of soldiers was sent to help him.
新奧爾良與密西西比河下游地區(qū)對雙方都很重要，如果南方聯(lián)盟軍占據(jù)這兩個地方他們就可以進入得克薩斯并進而到達墨西哥。聯(lián)邦軍隊已封鎖了南方所有的要塞，但是，只要存在與墨西哥的陸路貿(mào)易，南方人就可以堅持抵抗；密西西比河也有許多入海口，很難阻止軍艦進出。由于這些原因，聯(lián)邦政府決定奪取新奧爾良和密西西比河下游。這次出征由法羅哥特指揮，他在路易斯安那度過童年。聯(lián)邦給法羅哥特配備了聯(lián)邦最好的一支艦隊，并派一支部隊去協(xié)助他。
