評論
打印
It fell out otherwise, for Patterson retreated and left the Confederate general, Johnston, free to go to the aid of the sorely pressed Confederates at Bull Run. McDowell attacked vigorously and broke the Confederate line; but he could not maintain his position. The Union troops at first retreated slowly. Then they became frightened and fled, in all haste, back to Washington. The first campaign ended in disaster.
然而出現了意外，帕特森將軍撤退，讓南方聯盟的約翰斯頓將軍騰出手來去支援在布爾朗受到重創的友軍。麥克道威爾發起猛烈攻擊，撕破南方聯盟的防線，但是，他不可能維持這個態勢，聯邦軍隊開始撤退，走得很慢，隨后他們像驚弓之鳥一樣匆匆逃回華盛頓，第一場戰役以徹底失敗而告終。
388. The Army of the Potomac.
388．來自波特馬克的軍隊
While the Bull Run campaign was going on in eastern Virginia, Union soldiers had been winning victories in western Virginia. These were led by General George B. McClellan. He now came to Washington and took command of the troops operating in front of the capital. During the autumn, winter, and spring he drilled his men with great skill and care. In March, 1862, the Army of the Potomac left its camps a splendidly drilled body of soldiers.
在弗吉尼亞以東進行布爾朗戰役的同時，聯邦士兵在西弗吉尼亞取得了一些勝利，這些勝利由喬治·B·麥克里蘭將軍取得，此時他來到華盛頓掌管保衛首都的部隊。他在秋季、冬季和春季都以高度的細心和技巧訓練士兵，1862年3月，波特馬克軍，這支經過嚴格訓練的部隊離開了營盤。
389. The Army of Northern Virginia.
389．北弗吉尼亞軍
Meantime the government of the Confederacy had gathered great masses of soldiers. There were not nearly as many white men of fighting age in the South as there were in the North. But what men there were could be placed in the fighting line, because the negro slaves could produce the food needed by the armies and do the hard labor of making forts. The capital of the Confederacy was now established at Richmond, on the James River, in Virginia. The army defending this capital was called the Army of Northern Virginia. It was commanded by Joseph E. Johnston; but its ablest officers were Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson).
與此同時，南方聯盟政府集結了大批士兵，在南方符合參戰年齡的白人幾乎沒有北方多，但是，南方人可以安排更多人投入戰斗，因為黑人奴隸可以提供軍隊所需的食物并且可以去完成修筑堡壘這樣的繁重勞動。此時，南方聯盟的首都建在里士滿，它在弗吉尼亞的詹姆斯河畔，保衛這個首都的部隊被叫做"北弗吉尼亞軍"，它的司令是約瑟夫·E·約翰斯頓將軍，但它的最高長官是羅伯特·E·李和托馬斯·J·杰克森（"石墻"杰克森）。
