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Beijing's fragile economy was in transition and it also assisted in the politicization of the public sphere.
北京脆弱的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在經(jīng)歷過(guò)渡期，同時(shí)也加劇了公共領(lǐng)域的政治化
Notice too the French renaissance touches to the Arrow Towers fenestration.
另外注意，法國(guó)文藝復(fù)興影響了箭樓的開(kāi)窗術(shù)
Was that the influence of old Beijing or enlightened Paris?
影響是來(lái)自老北京，還是啟蒙的巴黎呢
No less than anywhere else, Chinese culture has always been a shifting, amalgam, a bricolage of pieces from here and there.
和其他地方一樣，中國(guó)文化一直在轉(zhuǎn)變，是混合體，是來(lái)自這里和那里的碎片拼合而成
Just as Beijing cuisine is unimaginable without the Colombian exchange and its special heritage is as much Mongolian as Han,
就像我們很難想象今天的北京菜是什么樣子，如果沒(méi)有哥倫布的傳播的話，它的獨(dú)特來(lái)源既是蒙古族也是漢族
so its self strengthening movement of the 1900's fed on social Darwinist ideology.
因此20世紀(jì)的自強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生于社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義
Its May 4th activism was a manifestation of modern European nationalism, and its Marxist revolution was a Russian import.
五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代歐洲民族主義的表現(xiàn)而馬克思主義革命來(lái)自俄國(guó)
In 1912, Sun Yat-sen inaugurated the Republic of China in Nanjing
1912年，孫中山任總統(tǒng)，成立中華民國(guó)，那是在南京，
and Nanjing became the capital of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang administration until 1949.
而南京成為了首都，蔣介石的國(guó)民黨政權(quán)的首都直至1949
Beijing might have lost its status as capitol, but it was always the symbolic center of power and the intellectual center of protest.
北京可能失去了地位首都的地位，但它一直是一種象征，象征權(quán)利和反抗的智慧中心
Faculty, students and librarians at or from Peking University published the influential New Youth Journal,
教職員，學(xué)生和圖書(shū)管理員，他們?cè)诨騺?lái)自北京大學(xué)，出版了很有影響的《新青年》雜志
they founded the Chinese Communist Party and they fomented the protests that shaped a new polity.
建立了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，且激起對(duì)新政治的保衛(wèi)
