評(píng)論
打印
Hablas espanol? Parlez-vous francais?
你會(huì)說西班牙語、法語、中文嗎？
If you answered, "sí," "oui," or "hui"
如果你能回答"si"，"oui" 或是"會(huì)"，
and you're watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world's bilingual and multilingual majority.
而且能用英文字幕觀看這部短片，你就跟世界上大多數(shù)人一樣，屬于雙語或多語的使用者。
And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages
除了旅游時(shí)溝通比較方便，或是看電影時(shí)不需要字幕這些好處之外，通曉兩種或三種以上的語言，
means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends.
表示你的腦袋在外表和運(yùn)作方式上，與使用單一語言的朋友有明顯的不同。
So what does it really mean to know a language?
究竟什么是通曉一種語言？
Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing,
衡量語言的使用能力，包含兩種主動(dòng)能力：說、寫；
and two passive parts, listening and reading.
另外還有兩種被動(dòng)方式：聽、閱讀。
While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages,
雖然一個(gè)平衡的雙語使用者，對(duì)于兩種語言，具有相近的使用能力；
most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions.
但是大多數(shù)的雙語使用者，當(dāng)初如何學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用語言，有許多不同的方式。
And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language,
根據(jù)個(gè)人所處的環(huán)境，以及如何學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式，
they can be classified into three general types.
通常可以把雙語使用者分為三類：
For example, let's take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she's two-years old.
舉個(gè)例子來說，Gabriella在兩歲時(shí)跟著家人由秘魯移民到美國(guó)。
As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously,
作為一個(gè)復(fù)合型雙語者，Gabriella在剛接觸這個(gè)世界時(shí)就同時(shí)學(xué)英語和西班牙語，
with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to process the world around her.
所以給她一個(gè)概念，她的大腦就能同時(shí)喚起兩種語言信號(hào)。
Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts,
她有一個(gè)十幾歲的弟弟，是屬于對(duì)等型雙語使用者，他運(yùn)用兩組不同的概念，
learning English in school, while continuing to speak Spanish at home and with friends.
一面在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語，一面用西班牙語，跟家人、朋友溝通。
Finally, Gabriella's parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals
最后是加布瑞拉的父母，他們是從屬型雙語使用者。
who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their primary language.
當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)第二種語言時(shí)，需要透過母語進(jìn)行翻譯。
