評(píng)論
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Now don't get me wrong, writing has certain advantages.
大家不要誤會(huì)，文字寫(xiě)作確實(shí)有它自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
When you write, because it's a conscious process, because you can look backwards,
當(dāng)你寫(xiě)字的時(shí)候，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)有意識(shí)的過(guò)程，因?yàn)槟憧梢曰仡欉^(guò)去，
you can do things with language that are much less likely if you're just talking.
你可以用書(shū)面語(yǔ)言來(lái)完成一些說(shuō)話時(shí)不會(huì)表達(dá)的事情。
For example, imagine a passage from Edward Gibbon's "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:"
比如，讓我們看看愛(ài)德華·吉本（英國(guó)歷史學(xué)家）在“羅馬帝國(guó)衰亡史”一書(shū)中的一段（取自第二十四章），
"The whole engagement lasted above twelve hours,
“整個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了至少12小時(shí)，
till the graduate retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example
直到波斯人紛紛倉(cāng)皇潰退，其中表現(xiàn)最可恥的是
was given by the principal leaders and the Surenas himself."
他們的指揮官們以及蘇雷納斯(最高統(tǒng)帥）本人?！?/p>
That's beautiful, but let's face it, nobody talks that way.
寫(xiě)的真的很美，但是，說(shuō)實(shí)話，沒(méi)人這么說(shuō)話。
Or at least, they shouldn't if they're interested in reproducing. That -- is not the way any human being speaks casually.
或者至少，如果真感興趣的話也不該這樣重復(fù)。這--不是人們平常說(shuō)話時(shí)候的樣子。
Casual speech is something quite different.
日常對(duì)話是非常不同的。
Linguists have actually shown that when we're speaking casually in an unmonitored way,
語(yǔ)言學(xué)家實(shí)際上已經(jīng)指出，當(dāng)我們?cè)谳p松的對(duì)話時(shí)，
we tend to speak in word packets of maybe seven to 10 words.
我們每句話會(huì)用大概7到10個(gè)字。
You'll notice this if you ever have occasion to record yourself or a group of people talking.
你會(huì)注意到這點(diǎn)，如果你有機(jī)會(huì)錄下來(lái)自己或者一組人說(shuō)話。
That's what speech is like. Speech is much looser. It's much more telegraphic.
這就是語(yǔ)言對(duì)話的形式。語(yǔ)言對(duì)話更松散。也更簡(jiǎn)潔得多。
It's much less reflective -- very different from writing.
和書(shū)面文字表達(dá)非常不同，它少了思考性。
So we naturally tend to think, because we see language written so often, that that's what language is,
所以因?yàn)槲覀兘?jīng)常看到寫(xiě)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言，我們就很自然地認(rèn)為，那就是語(yǔ)言，
but actually what language is, is speech. They are two things.
但實(shí)際上語(yǔ)言是言語(yǔ)對(duì)話。這是兩個(gè)不同的事物。
