動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在句中用法的區(qū)別
動詞的-ing形式按功能區(qū)分,可分為動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。在分析英文句子和進行英語考試辨析時,比較容易混淆這兩者。為了便于理解,現(xiàn)從動名詞和分詞在句中的用法上區(qū)分動詞的-ing形式何時為動名詞,何時為現(xiàn)在分詞以至更好的把握兩者的重要用法。
動名詞可以用作主語,現(xiàn)在分詞不可以
(1)動名詞用作主語
Reading French is easier than speaking it.
閱讀法文比講法語容易。
Sailing a boat is great fun.
駕駛帆船很有意思。
Talking mends no holes.
諺語:空談無濟于事。
(2)有時可用先行詞it作形式主語,把動名詞主語放在句子后面去:
(a)It's hopeless arguing about it.
爭辯這事沒有用。
It was pleasant and comfortable sitting there.
坐在那里愜意舒服。
(b)It is a wonder meeting you here.
在這里碰到你真是奇跡。
It is no use asking me, I don't know any more than you do.
問我沒用,我知道的不比你多。
(3)“There is + no”后可以用動名詞做主語,表示“設法……”
There was no knowing what he could do.
他能做什么很難說。
There was no mistaking in his intention.
他的意圖不可能看錯。
動名詞在句中作賓語,現(xiàn)在分詞不可以
(1)動名詞可以在許多動詞之后作賓語
He admitted taking the money.
他承認錢是他拿的
Do you enjoy teaching?
你喜歡教書嗎?
I couldn't help laughing.
我禁不住笑了起來。
(2)許多成語動詞或者介詞之后也可以用動名詞作賓語
They will put off doing it until next year.
他們將推遲到明年再做此事。
Prices keep on increasing.
物價不斷上漲。
She waved to me and went on sketching.
她向我揮揮手,又接著畫素描。
(3)在be worth后也可跟動名詞作賓語
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的建議值得考慮。
It's worth making an effort.
這值得做一番努力。
現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可用作狀語,動名詞不可以
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語從表意的角度看可以用作狀語。
現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后,也可能與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
聽到這消息,他們都高興得跳起來了。(表時間)
Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums.
由于他是學生,他自然對博物館很感興趣。(表原因)
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.
如果是向北走,你得在利茲換車。(表條件)
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
盡管他們了解這一切,還是要我賠償損失。(表讓步)
Her husband died in 1960, leaving her with 5 children.
她丈夫死于1960年,給她留下了五個孩子。(表結果)
He stood leaning against the wall.
他靠墻站著。(表方式或伴隨情況)
(2)獨立結構。有時現(xiàn)在分詞可以有自己的邏輯主語,稱之為獨立結構。
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.
由于天氣晴朗,我們決定去游泳。
There being ice on the road, I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰,我讓司機開慢點。