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This happens with all trauma, it can happen even more I think with people from torture.
所有受到創傷的人都會有這種經歷但我認為受過折磨的人更容易出現這些問題
The emotional ones are the ones I think you would expect, depression, anxiety, anger, confusion.
關于情感影響，我覺得大家會認為有抑郁，焦慮，憤怒和疑惑。
Learned helplessness is one of the immediate consequences,
習得性無助感是直接后果，
and humiliation um, it comes from having extreme and arbitrary stress imposed without the ability either to fight it or to flee from it.You're trapped in it.
羞辱是來自于經歷了別人強加的極端和專制的壓力卻無力反抗者逃離你已經深陷其中了
This is what can induce in animals, extreme anxiety conditions, it's the same thing with human beings.
這是我們從動物身上得到的極端焦慮情況人類也是如此
It's one of the psychological effects of torture in the immediate sense.
這是折磨產生的直接心理影響的一個方面
The third area is the social.
第三個領域是社會范疇。
A loss of trust, a loss of sense of identity, a loss of community,
不再有信任感，身份認同感和群體感
I've mentioned marginalisation as well.
我也提到了邊緣化
And then if we had the time it'd be important to talk much more about the existential the spiritual sense, the bereavement that takes place as well.
如果我們有時間我們應該多談一談精神上的存在感以及喪親之痛。
It leaves the person feeling vulnerable attempting to cope as best they can often with ways that aren't real adaptive such as using alcohol, using numbing.
它讓人變得脆弱人們會想要用盡自己最大的能力克服然而所采取的方式并不是真的合適例如酗酒，變得麻木。
In the longer term the most obvious affects of torture
從長遠來看，折磨或者創傷
and or trauma is PTSD, which has been diagnosed for about 20 years now in our professions.
最明顯的后果就是創傷后精神緊張性精神障礙我們行業里診斷出這個疾病有20年了
There's three parts to it.
它具體有3個部分
A tendency to avoid, avoid any situations that are reminders, withdraw socially, um hyper-arousal, hypersensitivity, nightmares, intrusive memories, flashbacks and then the numbing.
逃避能夠使人想起過去的情境社交上變得自閉高度警覺，高度敏感，常做噩夢過去的記憶侵擾，痛苦的往事重現，變得麻木
Having no feelings, shutting down because it's too difficult to cope.
失去感覺，關閉感情因為痛苦太難應對了
