評(píng)論
打印
As long as the meer or peasant community could provide the nobles with their income.
只要農(nóng)民能用他們的收入供給貴族。
There is no point in bettering the peasants lives.
但這種做法于農(nóng)民生活的改善無(wú)益。
When the meer could not be forced to provide income.
如果無(wú)法強(qiáng)迫他們供給收入。
The noble solution was usual force, the Russian peasantin fact had it very tough compared to its Roman counterpart.
貴族通常的解決辦法就是武力，和對(duì)手羅馬相比，俄國(guó)的農(nóng)民階層生活很艱苦。
Rich or poor a free born Roman male was a citizen with rights and a stakeholder in the Roman state.
無(wú)論貧富，一個(gè)自由的羅馬男性就是有權(quán)利的市民同樣也是羅馬帝國(guó)的一個(gè)利益相關(guān)的人。
Not so the poor Russian peasants who had no chance of improving their lot in life.
俄羅斯農(nóng)民就不是這樣，生活上不可能得到很大的改善。
They fight for their Grand Prince but resentfully.
他們?yōu)榇蠊u命，心里并不情愿。
In the sense of loyalty to the Kiev and Russ state was just about absent.
對(duì)基輔和俄羅斯幾乎沒有忠誠(chéng)。
The Orthodox churches' ancient literary tradition inspired Kiev and Russ to become literate.
天主教堂古老的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)激勵(lì)基輔和俄羅斯的文化積淀。
The Grand Princes and Boyars endowed churches and monasteries.
大公和波雅爾擁護(hù)教堂和修道院。
And invited to Russ, Byzantine architects and other arts and craftsmen.
邀請(qǐng)拜占庭建筑師藝術(shù)家以及工匠到俄羅斯。
The evangelists Cyril and Methodius introduced Cyrillic Alphabet used first for Old Church Slavonic and then for Russian.
福音傳道士西里爾和默多狄引入了西里爾字母，首次代替古教會(huì)斯拉夫語(yǔ)，然后代替俄語(yǔ)。
And which led to the compilation of chronicles.
這也促使了歷代記的撰寫。
The Byzantine influence also included icon painting, an example of how Russians would rather praise correctly, Pravoslavia.
拜占庭的影響、包括圣像畫，俄羅斯人更愿意贊賞帕拉沃斯拉夫。
