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In which individual Russ city states were passed not from father to son but from older brother to the next older brother.
每個俄羅斯城邦不可以父親傳給兒子而是長兄傳給下一位長兄。
Unfortunately this royal game of musical chairs made Diocletian's concept of the Tetrarchy look simple by comparison.
不幸的是，這種皇室你爭我奪的游戲使戴克里先四頭統治的觀念相比之下就簡單了。
Needless to say it did not long survive Yaroslavl's death.
不必說，這套程序與雅羅斯拉夫一起消亡了。
Kiev and Russ society at its high point contained the seeds of its decline.
盛極一時的基輔和俄羅斯社會已經有了衰落的苗頭。
Officially Yaroslavl's Ruskaya Pravda ensured the rule of law.
雅羅斯拉夫的雅羅斯拉夫法典確保了法律的規定，
It was in fact comparatively liberal in that it didn't resort to the death penalty.
事實上相對寬松，它沒有訴諸死刑。
But the justice it ensured was far from equal.
但是它保證的公正卻不平等。
The higher an individual's social status the greater the penalty for doing him wrong.
一個人的社會地位越高，因為錯判，受到的刑罰就越嚴重。
The peasants were divided into serfs or free peasants.
農民分成了農奴和自由農民。
Tsar coops, debt slaves and Hoolps born slaves.
沙皇囚犯欠債奴隸以及生來就是奴隸的人。
The free peasants lived in a community called Meer where they took collective responsibility for production.
自由農民可以生活在叫米爾的地方，他們承擔生產的集體責任。
And for paying their rent to the noble landowners.
支付租金給貴族地主。
The noble class was responsible for providing the Prince or Grand Prince with money and military manpower.
貴族階層就負責給王公或大公提供錢或者部隊。
The most powerful nobles are Boyars constantly struggle to maintain their position with the Grand Princes.
最有實力的貴族要數波雅爾來維持和大公一樣的地位。
As a result the Boyars basically saw the peasants as cheap disposable labor and treated as little bit better than smerts.
所以波雅爾階層視農民低賤，可以處置的勞動力只覺得他們比農奴好一點。
