評論
打印
And then in later experiments, we found the opposite,
而在隨后的實驗中，我們發現了相反的情況，
that fir was sending more carbon to birch than birch was sending to fir,
花旗松給紙皮樺送的碳比紙皮樺給它的碳多，
and this was because the fir was still growing while the birch was leafless.
這是因為當紙皮樺樹葉掉光了的時候花旗松還在不停的生長。
So it turns out the two species were interdependent, like yin and yang.
這就說明這兩種樹其實是相互依賴的，就像“陰”和“陽”。
And at that moment, everything came into focus for me.
在那個時候，事情開始變得清晰起來。
I knew I had found something big,
我知道我有了重大發現，
something that would change the way we look at how trees interact in forests,
這個發現可以改變我們對森林中樹木互動方式的看法，
from not just competitors but to cooperators.
樹木之間不僅有競爭關系，同時也有合作關系。
And I had found solid evidence of this massive belowground communications network, the other world.
并且我當時已經找到了關于在那個世界中樹木的巨大地下交流網絡的確鑿的證據。
Now, I truly hoped and believed that my discovery would change how we practice forestry,
現在，我真誠地希望和相信我的發現能夠改變我們的林業實踐活動，
from clear-cutting and herbiciding to more holistic and sustainable methods,
能夠讓我們放棄皆伐和大范圍的使用除草劑轉而采用一些更全面和更可持續的方法。
methods that were less expensive and more practical.
這些方法更經濟，也更實用。
What was I thinking? I'll come back to that.
當時我在想什么呢？我等一下會說到。
So how do we do science in complex systems like forests?
那么，在像森林這樣復雜的系統中應該怎么做科學研究呢？
Well, as forest scientists, we have to do our research in the forests,
其實，作為林業學家，我們就是要實實在在地在森林里做研究，
and that's really tough, as I've shown you.
即使，就像我剛才給你們講的，你所面對的環境會非常惡劣。
And we have to be really good at running from bears.
我們要非常擅長于，逃脫熊的追趕。
But mostly, we have to persevere in spite of all the stuff stacked against us.
但在大多數時間里，我們必須要堅持不懈，即使所有的事情都跟我們作對。
And we have to follow our intuition and our experiences and ask really good questions.
我們必須要遵從自己的直覺和經驗，然后提出有價值的問題。
And then we've got to gather our data and then go verify.
之后我們還得收集并且核實數據。
