否定轉移是指英語否定句出現在句中某一部分(常在謂語部分),但在語義上卻否定另一部分的現象。
否定轉移
1. 通常,believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess等詞在引導賓語從句時,需要進行否定轉移,并且由于人稱的變化,形式也有較大區別:
在陳述句中,當think后的賓語從句是否定句,而主句的主語是第一人稱時,通常需要將否定詞not轉移到主句之中,雖然句子在形式上是否定主句的謂語,而實際上否定的則是從句的謂語。
I don't guess that they have got married.
我猜他們還沒有結婚。
He gave his promise; but I didn't suppose he would keep it.
他曾經做出諾言,但是我想他不會履行諾言的。
2. 在復合句中,若包含think等詞,其反意疑問句同樣需要進行否定轉移,并且還應注意主謂一致:
a. 當復合句主句的主語是第一人稱(I, we)時,反意疑問句的主謂部分要和從句的主語、謂語保持一致:
I don't suppose that anyone will volunteer to stick his neck out to help me, will they?
我認為沒有人會主動樂意幫我一把,是嗎?
b. 當復合句主句的主語是第二、三人稱時,反意疑問句的主謂部分要和主句的主語、謂語保持一致:
Mrs. Obama doesn't believe her husband will quit his campaign promise to enhance America's economic ties with the fast-growing economies of Asia, does she?
奧巴馬夫人認為她的丈夫是不會放棄當初競選時的承諾,即承諾夯實美國與亞洲快速增長經濟體之間的經濟聯系,對嗎?
否定不轉移
1. think是如下的兩種時態【完成、過去(進行)】時,賓語從句的否定不可進行轉移。
I have been thinking we should not have anything to do with a person like him.
我一直在想,我們不應當與像他那樣的人有任何往來。
I thought we should not do like that.
我覺得我們不應該那樣做。
2. think之前有下列兩類詞修飾時,賓語從句的否定不發生轉移。
a. think之前有強調詞do:
I do think it is not wise of him to do so.
我確實認為他這么做是不明智的。
b. think之前有副詞修飾時:
I really think Lucy can't finish her homework within two hours.
我真的認為露西兩小時內不能完成家庭作業。
3. think用于疑問句、插入語時,賓語從句否定不轉移。
Do you think he will not come?
你認為他不會來嗎?
Why do you think I can't be fit for the job?
你為何認為我不適合那項工作?
A few students in our class, I think, are not interested in English.
我們班上有幾個學生對英語不感興趣,我想。
4. think的賓語從句中含有下列兩類詞時,賓語從句的否定不轉移。
a. 含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定詞時:
I think he has nothing to do with it.
我認為他與那事無關。
b. 含有not at all, not a bit, not a little, not...enough, can't help doing等固定詞組時:
I think he is not happy at all.
我認為他一點也不高興。
5. think充當下列兩種情況的謂語時,賓語從句的否定不轉移。
a. 當think和另一個動詞構成并列謂語時,賓語從句的否定不轉移:
I think and hope you won't lose heart even if you fail.
我認為并希望,即使是失敗了,你們也不會失去信心的。
b. 當think用作虛擬式謂語had thought,表示“本來認為……”時:
I had thought Lynn hadn't passed the English exam.
我原以為林恩英語沒考及格。