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Now I'm going to go into a little more detail in the Liu experiment that again Dr. Wagner spoke about a fewmoments ago
下面，我要稍微細(xì)講一下Liu實(shí)驗(yàn)，Wagner醫(yī)生之前也提到過(guò)
because this is so central to our understanding of how cells work. That I think is worth reinforcing this point
因?yàn)檫@對(duì)理解細(xì)胞工作非常重要，所以我還是要再講一下
The model that they used was the fact that
他們使用的模式系統(tǒng)中
macrophages when exposed to tuberculosis organism are able to produce a natural defensive protein called cathelicidin
巨噬細(xì)胞接觸結(jié)核微生物時(shí)能自然產(chǎn)生一種防御蛋白，稱(chēng)為抗菌肽
And that happens when the antigen binds with the Toll-like receptor on the surface of the cell and this complex and binds with other proteins
這在抗原同細(xì)胞表面Toll樣受體結(jié)合時(shí)發(fā)生，這在抗原同細(xì)胞表面Toll樣受體結(jié)合時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)程還要結(jié)合其它蛋白質(zhì)
and goes into the nucleus, and then induces the formation of this natural bactericidal peptide
進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核，引發(fā)合成這種自然殺菌肽
So this is the model system they chose to look at and the question they ask themselves is when we put TB bugs in the culture with macrophages
這是他們選擇的模式系統(tǒng)，他們問(wèn)自己，將結(jié)核桿菌同巨噬細(xì)胞一起培養(yǎng)
what genes get expressed and in what order?
什么基因會(huì)被表達(dá)？以及什么順序？
The kind of classical question that cell biologists have been asking productively for the last ten or twentyyears
這種經(jīng)典問(wèn)題細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家們一直在問(wèn)，最近10-20年也取得了豐富成果
So that's what they did and what gene's got expressed. They were amazed
他們也這樣做了，什么基因被表達(dá)。他們很吃驚
The first 2 genes were the Cyp27B1 and VDR
頭兩個(gè)基因是Cyp27B1和VDR
What does that mean? Cyp27B1 is the 1 alpha hydroxylase. It's the enzyme that hydroxylate 25 hydroxy vitaminD
那兩個(gè)代表什么意思呢？Cyp27B1是1α-羥化酶，是羥基化25-羥基維生素D的酶
and the VDR is the vitamin D receptor
而VDR是維生素D受體
But then they looked further and they couldn't see any other genes of interest. Where was the cathelicidin gene?
他們繼續(xù)往下看但沒(méi)有讓人感興趣的基因了。抗菌肽基因呢
It didn't show up
它沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)
