評論
打印
One perspicacious and thorough account of the position on torture in the Jewish legal tradition has been advanced by Rabbi Melissa Weintraub,
拉比對猶太法對虐待的立場做出了有見解而又透徹的描述
during her tenure as director of education of organising for the north American chapter of rabbis for human rights, rabbi Weintraub produced articles arguing from Halakha against the notion
在她任教育署長期間寫出了以哈拉卡為理論依據 反對認為虐待或者不人道行為可以政策化
that torture or cruel inhuman and degrading treatment should ever be permitted as policy or a routine part of any interrogation program she has argued this point on several different grounds,
或者成為審問過程中不可或缺的一部分她從不同的角度對這個問題進行了探討
from the ban in Jewish law on self-incrimination to the supreme important of the dignity of creative beings.
從猶太法律里對自證其罪行為的禁止 以及猶太人對上帝造物的尊重
For the moment though I would like to focus on her arguments with respect to the claim that torture may be necessary to save lives.
現在我想集中關注她對于虐待有可能是拯救生命的必要手段的看法
Weintraub perceives rightly that this claim on behalf of torture's really, defence in the legal sense of the word, a post-facto claim intended to exculpate the torturer, this makes it somewhat analogous to the Rodef defence in Jewish law,
她很敏感地認識到這種站在支持施虐立場上的看法是一種事后回溯的生命 旨在為施虐者開脫 這使得它跟猶太法里的Rodef 辯護有可類比處
the claim that one should be exonerated from an assault, even to the point of killing because the victim was a Rodef or a pursuer who was chasing an innocent third party with intent to murder them. The principle or Rodef actually
也就是襲擊者或者殺人者可以免罪 因為受害者的目標是無辜的第三方 并且目的是要殺死第三方其實Rodef辯護里的原則還要更進一步
goes further, actively requiring bystanders to intervene, when they can I quote Weintraub here 'use preventative force to thwart acts of rape or murder transpiring before their eyes'.
要求在場的第三方干涉 當 這里我引用Weintraub "他們能夠采取阻止性措施制止發生在眼前的強奸或者謀殺"
The concern his is both to save the potential victim and to prevent the aggressor from transgressing a prohibition this defence is one of only three exceptions to the otherwise absolute prohibition on taking life in Jewish law.
這里既旨在拯救可能的受害者同時還有阻止罪犯僭越 這項辯護是猶太法律中絕對禁止奪取生命的三個例外之一
The other two are self-defence and court decreed capital punishment, each of which has a number of restrictions placed on it, in its own right.
另外兩個是滋味和受法律保護的死刑每一種情況的發生都要受到諸多條件的限制
