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The founders, considered the founders of humanistic psychology in fact called it "the third force". Why the "third force"?
人本主義心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人 稱之為心理學(xué)上的"第三勢力" 為什么是"第三勢力"
Because the first force was behaviorism. The work of Skinner (B. F. Skinner), the work of Watson (John B. Watson),
因?yàn)榈谝粍萘κ切袨橹髁x 代表人物有斯金納 華生
The work of Thorndik (Edward Thorndik). This was the first force. The second force was psychoanalysis.
桑代克 這是第一勢力 第二勢力是精神分析學(xué)
The work of Freud (Sigmund Freud), Jung (Carl Jung), Adler (Alfred Adler) to some extent. This was the second force. And the third force,
創(chuàng)建者包括弗洛伊德 榮格以及阿德勒 這是第二勢力 第三勢力
Humanistic psychology came as a reaction to it. First it is a reaction to behaviorism. Behaviorism looks at the human entity,
人本主義心理學(xué)作為對其的異議出現(xiàn) 首先是對行為主義的異議 行為主義認(rèn)為人的主體性
At the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.
認(rèn)為人是一個(gè)行為集合 就像一只被擊打而四處滾動(dòng)的臺球 被增強(qiáng) 獎(jiǎng)懲驅(qū)動(dòng)
And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around. We have spirit. We have a soul.
而人本主義心理學(xué)認(rèn)為 我們不只是被擊打的臺球 我們有精神 有靈魂
We have cognitions and thoughts that matter. It's not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life. And then psychoanalysis, the second force.
我們有重要的認(rèn)知與思想 不能只靠行為觀察 改善人生 然后是第二勢力精神分析學(xué)
The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious: that's how you understand it; that's how you improve the quality of life.
精神分析學(xué)主要通過潛意識分析 它決定你的理解 決定如何改善生活
There are defense mechanisms, there are biological instincts, neurosis-- and if you understand these very often dark forces,
還有防衛(wèi)機(jī)制 人類本能論 神經(jīng)癥 如果你理解這些黑暗勢力
Were better able to deal with life: understand as well as improve the quality of life. Humanistic psychology says human beings are much more than that.
就能更好地處理生活 了解并改善生活質(zhì)量 人本主義心理學(xué)認(rèn)為人類不止如此
Much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis, much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball.
不僅僅是生理本能 不僅僅是神經(jīng)癥 不僅僅是牛頓學(xué)說世界里的臺球
