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Segment 12a Introduction
12a 介紹
For many years historians believed that the time of the Pax Romano 31 BC to 235 AD was the happiest time in human existence.
很多年來 歷史學家都認為公元前31年到公元235年的羅馬和平時期是人類史上最快樂的時期。
A regular golden age. The highpoint of the Pax Romano lasted from 96 AD to 180 AD when Rome was ruled by the so-called five good emperors.
是持久的黃金時代 羅馬和平時期的盛世期又是從公元96年到180年，這段時期里統(tǒng)治羅馬的是羅馬五賢帝。
Modern times and thorough historical enquiry have corrected this picture somewhat.
不過 現(xiàn)代全面深入的歷史調(diào)查已經(jīng)修正了這幅圖景。
The roman standard of living was poorer all around than it is today especially for the lower classes.
羅馬的生活水平比如今要低很多 尤其是下層人民的生活。
Life expectancy back then was no doubt much lower than it is today.
當時的人均壽命無疑也比今天要低出許多。
The government at best the Principate was at best a benign tyranny.
羅馬時期的元首統(tǒng)治最多不過是溫和的暴政。
Yet life in the Roman Empire during the time of the Pax Romano was indeed I would say a highpoint of ancient civilization.
不過 羅馬和平時期羅馬帝國的生活水平可以說的確是達到了古代文明的高峰。
Our nations founders were inspired by the achievements of the Romans during this time and they wanted to emulate them.
我們國家的創(chuàng)立人被羅馬人在這個時期的成就所鼓舞，想要超越他們。
The pax romano is therefore well worth examining.
因此，羅馬和平時期是非常值得我們好好研究的。
Segment 12b Pax Romano
12b 羅馬和平
Looks at the nuts and bolts of Roman peace Just how did Roman civilization function in various parts of the empire,
羅馬和平時期的基本要點羅馬帝國文明的各部分是如何運轉(zhuǎn)的，
how was the empire as a whole held together?
整個羅馬帝國又是如何維持一個整體的？
The roman army was stripped down to an economical hardcore of veterans.
羅馬軍隊被精簡為老兵的核心力量。
Focused more on playing defense than on offense.
更注重于防御而非進攻。
Roman legions were stationed at known danger spots with the ability to move fast and strike hard.
羅馬軍團駐守在危險地帶，能夠快速移動，迅猛出擊。
This policy of defense freed up money to be spent on social needs and upon improving the empire's infrastructure.
這種防御政策節(jié)減了開支，使得更多錢財可以用于滿足社會需求和改善羅馬帝國的。
A rough social safety net was created called the Alimenta and the empire itself positively sprouted baths, theatres, aqueducts and roads.
基礎設施 此外還初步創(chuàng)立了社會保障機制，稱為供養(yǎng)政策，并且帝國也積極修建了公共澡堂，戲院，輸水道和道路。
One important part of Rome's civilizing mission was this very great diversity.
羅馬文明的一個重要特征就是它非常的多樣化。
Roman citizenship could be granted and enjoyed regardless of race, creed or native language.
不管擁有什么種族，宗教信仰，或者本土語言都可以成為羅馬公民并享有相應公民權(quán)。
This diversity also brought needed new blood into the Roman culture, especially to the roman upper classes.
這樣的多樣性也為羅馬文化注入了所需的新鮮血液，尤其有利于羅馬的上層階級。
As when the Romans first encountered Hellenistic culture the Romans didn't look down their noses at the people they had conquered.
羅馬人首次接觸希臘文化的時候 并沒有因為自己征服了希臘就瞧不起希臘人。
The Romans continued to adapt intelligently to new ways at the same time preserving the beloved Mos Majorum
他們繼續(xù)適應新的文化同時也保留著自己祖先的遺風，
and profiting from interaction with new people and different ways.
從與新文化的打交道中受益。
In segment 12c The five good emperors
12c 五賢帝
We examine the definite high point of Roman civilization even if it really wasn't the high point of world history.
我們要考察羅馬文明的至高點，盡管這并不能算是世界歷史上的最高點。
