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Nero at this point deposed himself by committing suicide but the army in Germany declared its general Vitellius as Imperator.
這時尼祿用自殺結束了自己的統治，但德國的軍隊擁立他們的將軍維特里烏斯為王。
Galba freaked out he offended both the senate then the Praetorian Guard
加爾巴倒臺，他冒犯了元老院和近衛軍，
and he wound up assassinated in the forum unimpressed with Vitellius the senate named one of their own,
他被廣場刺殺嚇著了，由于對維特里烏斯并沒有什么印象，
a former lover of Nero, named Otho as Imperator.
元老院提名尼祿之前的愛人，叫做奧索為皇帝。
Vitellius killed Otho but then Titus Flavius Vespasianus governor of Judea and ancient Egypt was declared Imperator by his troops.
維特里烏斯殺死了奧索，但是提圖斯·弗拉維烏斯·維斯帕西亞努斯朱迪亞和古埃及的統治者被他的軍隊擁立為王 。
Vespasian defeated Vitellius and held on to the empire rounding off the year of four emperors.
維斯帕先打敗了維特里烏斯，使羅馬帝國結束了四個皇帝的時期。
Fortunately you wont be expected to barf that back in detail on a test.
幸運的是大家并不用在考試中再回顧一遍這惡心的內容，
What I want you to remember is that the Principate designed by Augustus was so stable that
我希望大家記住的是奧古斯都創造的元首制非常穩定，
it survived a year 68 to 69 AD with four count, four emperors, and came back stronger than ever.
它在經歷了公元68至69年四個皇帝后變得比以前更加穩定。
You should also remember both the bad things and the good things about Vespasian's victory.
大家還需要記住維斯帕先皇帝勝利的好的一面和壞的一面。
The bad news is that the principate clearly depended strictly on control of the military.
壞的一面是元首制鞏固了軍隊的絕對嚴格控制。
The client army loyal only to its Imperator had reappeared on the military scene.
私人軍隊只忠誠于自己的國王使得軍事局面反復出現。
And as Vespasian and his sons demonstrated a strong military man could perform responsibly as Princeps.
隨著維斯帕先和他的兒子訓練了一支非常強大的軍隊只聽命于元首。
A middle class Italian that is to say he was not born in Rome proper, Vespasian ruled with an iron fist from 69 to 79 AD.
中產階級的意大利人意味著他不是嚴格意義上的羅馬人，維斯帕先在公元69至79年奉行鐵腕政權。
He passed a law setting out his powers as Princeps.
他通過了一項法律闡明的他的權力最大。
The Principate was inherited first by his older son Titus 79 through 81 AD and then by his younger son Domician 81 through 96 AD.
元首制首次由他的大兒子提圖斯繼承公元79至81年 然后他的小兒子多米西恩在公元81至96年執政。
The three emperors of the so-called Flavian dynasty ruled responsibly.
這三位皇帝開啟了弗拉維王朝，并認真負責的執政。
Balancing military, financial and social concerns as best they could for example,
比如他們平衡軍隊，關注財政和社會問題，盡可能做到最好，
Vespasian knocked down Nero's golden house built on the site of the 64 AD fire.
維斯帕先拆掉了尼祿建在64年火災現場的金房子。
And replaced it with a stadium that they called the Flavian amphitheatre.
在那建起了一座體育場，人稱福雷維安圓形劇場。
You might know it better as the Colloseum. Domician his successor, ultimately descended into tyranny
大家更熟悉的名字可能是羅馬斗獸場。他的繼任者多米西恩完全走向暴政，
and was put out of Rome's misery by conspiracy including you guessed it, his Praetorian Prefect.
大家肯定能猜到是被近衛軍長官推翻了。
With the death of Domician in 96AD the ball was once more in the court of the Roman senate.
公元96年 多米西恩去世，政權又一次落回了羅馬長老院手中。
The line of 12 Caesars had died out, and restoration of the Republic was a distinct possibility.
凱撒12帝終結了，恢復共和制是很明確的可能。
But could the massive Roman Empire be ruled by annually elected magistrates answering to four, count them, four Roman assemblies?
但是龐大的羅馬帝國有可能被每年由羅馬四議會選舉的地方法官所統治嗎？
The senate had to admit the answer was no, it turned out Rome would need another Princeps. Beep.
元老院必須得承認答案是否定的，結果是羅馬需要另外一位元首。
