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Segment 11e Conclusions
11章E總結
One:peace is good
一:和平是美好的
Rome had been wracked by 7 decades of civil war, some of which took place on the fringes of the empire
70年的內戰使羅馬受到嚴重摧殘，這些戰爭有的發生在帝國邊界，
and some of which took place in the streets of Rome.
有的就發生在羅馬的街道上。
The Republican form of government had been broken for good by greedy aristocrats power hungry warlords,
共和國政府由于貪婪的貴族和軍閥勢力，
dimwit wannabe reformers, and the sheep-like masses.
自以為是的改革者，軟弱的大眾而變的四分五裂。
There was peace on the frontiers although this had to do more with the lack of enemies than with anything the Romans were doing right.
邊疆的和平本應該取決于外部敵軍的減少而不是羅馬帝國現在正經歷的內戰。
This blessed state could not be expected to go on forever.
上帝的保佑并不能永遠持續下去。
Indeed the more the Romans fought themselves in civil wars the greater the chance that an evil empire might in fact reappear.
事實上羅馬帝國越是在內戰中深陷，就越有可能再次出現一個邪惡的帝國。
The cycles of civil war were destroying the Roman Empire's resources and infrastructure.
循環的內戰摧毀了羅馬帝國的資源和基礎設施。
They were digging a hole in the Roman economy the madness had to stop.
羅馬的經濟出現了一個大洞，瘋狂的行為必須停止。
Julius Caesar thought he had a solution for the problem and he wound up as a human pincushion.
尤里烏斯·凱撒拿出了對此的解決方案，他就像一根針一樣緊張。
Two:recipe for a principate
二:元首秘方
The republic was broken all right Julius Caesar didn't have a clue how to fix it,
共和國覆滅了，凱撒對于如何修復這一帝國毫無頭緒，
even though it looked like he was considering a monarchy we don't know for sure.
雖然看起來他在考慮君主制，但是我們并不能確定。
One way or the other you know it got him killed.
不管怎樣，他對此毫無辦法。
The mere notion that he was considering monarchy, remember the opposition of democracy versus the role of the individual,
他對君主制想出的唯一的概念，民主的對立面，個人的角色，
Julius came out on the wrong side of that equation.
尤里烏斯得出的是反面等式。
Augustus left the facade of the republic in place, complete with its assemblies, complete with the annual elections on the good old curses hanorum.
奧古斯都恰當地建立了共和的假象，包括議會，包括每年的選舉還有原來的一系列官職。
But once Augustus got himself lifetime Proconsular Imperial,
但是一旦奧古斯都成為終生的地方總督皇帝
once he got himself lifetime tribunician power once he became Pontifex Maximus
一旦他掌控終身政治大權，一旦他成為最高祭司，
he effectively controlled the Roman army the roman political process and the roman religion.
他就有效的控制了羅馬的軍隊，羅馬的政治程序，羅馬的宗教。
And if all that failed he still had 180 000 veteran soldiers who had sworn an oath to obey him, Imperator Augustus Caesar.
然而如果這一切都失敗了 他還有十八萬退伍軍人，他們都宣誓效忠于他，奧古斯都凱撒皇帝
Three:propaganda helps
三:宣傳的作用
Augustus never missed a chance to make himself or the principate look good,
奧古斯都從沒放過任何一個機會來美化他自己和元首制，
he cultivated the simplest lifestyle possible for a man who literally ruled the world.
他養成了統治者可能的最簡單的生活方式。
He lived in a modest home, he wore clothes which his wife Olivia wove for him.
他住在一間簡陋的屋子里，穿著他的妻子奧利維亞為他補的衣服。
When Augustus' daughter Julia misbehaved one too many times he sent her to rot on a remote island.
他的女兒茱莉亞多次行為不檢點，他把她送去了遙遠的荒島自生自滅。
