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Segment 11a Introduction
11章A:簡介
Most important of Rome's legacies to the Western World is the Pax Romano,
對西方世界來說，羅馬最重要的遺產(chǎn)在于羅馬和平，
two and a half centuries of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranean world lasting from 31 BC to 235 AD.
從公元前31年至公元235年，地中海地區(qū)持續(xù)250年左右的和平與繁榮。
Once the emperor formerly known as Octavian,
曾經(jīng)它的皇帝被人稱為屋大維，
that is to say Augustus Caesar,
也就是奧古斯都·愷撒，
brought lasting peace to Italy, Roman manpower and Roman resources could be used to stabilize the borders.
為意大利帶來了長期的和平，羅馬的人力和羅馬的資源幫助其穩(wěn)固了邊界。
With the border stabilized the Romans' strengthened their empire not through force but through good government.
穩(wěn)固邊界后，羅馬人鞏固了自己的帝國不是通過武力，而是通過良好的統(tǒng)治。
Despite the wide range of peoples and cultures through out the roman world
盡管羅馬世界有很多不同的人種與文化，
the Pax Romano was almost a total win-win situation for everyone,
但是羅馬和平對每一個人來說幾乎都是一種雙贏的局面，
Romans, Italians and Provincials alike.
羅馬人 意大利人和外省人都是相似的。
The basis in turn of the Pax Romano was a groundbreaking style of government invented by Octavian,
羅馬和平的基礎(chǔ)在于屋大維創(chuàng)造的開創(chuàng)性的管理模式，
called the Principate.
叫做元首統(tǒng)治。
In segment 11b Augustus and the Principate,
11章B 奧古斯都和元首統(tǒng)治，
we traced the rise of young Gaius Octavius later known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus,
我們來追溯屋大維的崛起歷程，后人稱他為蓋烏斯·屋大維，
but best know as Imperator Augustus Caesar.
但是最為人所知的還是奧古斯都凱撒皇帝。
Rome's second founder was not squeamish about the methods he employed to achieve supreme power.
羅馬的第二代創(chuàng)始人所采用的實現(xiàn)最高權(quán)力的方法令人舒服。
But the result was stability at home and peace throughout the roman world.
但是結(jié)果是帶來了羅馬的穩(wěn)定與羅馬世界的和平。
Augustus' great invention was the Principate,
奧古斯都最偉大的發(fā)明在于元首制，
rule by the Princeps, or the first man.
由元首或最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人執(zhí)行統(tǒng)治。
This style of government paid lip service to the values of the Mos Majorum
這種政府形式使得共和憲法成為一紙空談，
and the Republican Constitution while safely keeping all power in Augustus' hands,
而把權(quán)力都集中在奧古斯都手中，
a disguised military tyranny.
掩蓋了軍閥暴政本質(zhì)的。
Augustus' Principate relied for its success on two factors,
奧古斯都元首統(tǒng)治的成功依靠兩點
first all the levers of power were in Augustus' hand, including the huge army.
首先奧古斯都集所有權(quán)利于一身，包括龐大的軍隊。
The second was Augustus' charismatic personality and high prestige as the saviour of Rome.
其次是奧古斯都超凡的品格和充當(dāng)羅馬救世主的極高威望。
The first of these, the army could be handed down to a successor as Princeps
第一點 軍隊可以由下一任的元首繼承，
but the second could not.
但是第二點不可以。
Segment 11c, Roman propaganda shows how Augustus enhanced the success of his Principate by promoting himself through skillful propaganda,
11章C 羅馬宣傳顯示了奧古斯都是如何通過技巧性的宣傳自己鞏固自己的成功的。
and we will look at some of this propaganda and we will see how Augustus himself viewed Roman virtues.
我們可以來思考一些宣傳策略，可以看出奧古斯都本人是如何看待羅馬道德的。
And we will see how he envisioned Rome's mission to the world.
我們也可以看出他是如何把羅馬的使命擴(kuò)展到全世界的。
Repellent and absurd as it seems to modern tastes some ancient peoples the Egyptians
對于現(xiàn)代人來說，古代的一些人物，
for example wanted and expected to be ruled by a King who was also a God.
比如埃及人希望能夠被國王或者說是神來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的想法是荒謬無法理解的。
