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This led to the nasty Social Wars of ninety one to eighty eight BC,
引發(fā)了公元前91年到88年的社會(huì)公戰(zhàn)，
in which subject Italians formed the nation of Italia and fought for the right to become citizens.
參戰(zhàn)的意大利人組建了意大利國(guó)，為爭(zhēng)取公民權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)。
Eight. The Social Wars were merely the first of ten civil wars fought in the years between ninety BC and thirty one BC,
8: 社會(huì)公戰(zhàn)只是公元前90年到31年間的十場(chǎng)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中的第一場(chǎng)，
ending in the ascendancy of Augustus.
內(nèi)戰(zhàn)由于奧古斯都上臺(tái)而結(jié)束。
Nine. Individuals like Marius, Sulla, Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus were now able to ride roughshod over the Roman constitution.
9: 像是馬略，蘇拉，朱利葉斯·凱撒龐培和克拉蘇這樣的個(gè)人可以凌駕于羅馬憲法之上，
The struggle between wealthy individuals and democratic values had ended in a clear win for individual power.
富裕個(gè)人和民主價(jià)值觀之間的抗?fàn)幰詡€(gè)人權(quán)力的絕對(duì)勝利而告終。
Four. Fixing the Republic.
四: 修復(fù)共和國(guó)
One. Be very careful who you forgive and who you trust,
1: 對(duì)于誰(shuí)可以原諒誰(shuí)可以信任要加倍小心，
as Julius Caesar found out on the Ides of March.
朱利葉斯·凱撒在三月15日發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。
Two. Even when you have to brag endlessly about your personal accomplishments,
2:即使是要吹噓自己的個(gè)人成就，
respect the traditions of the almighty mos maiorum.
也要尊重社會(huì)慣例的傳統(tǒng)。
Three. Maintain your reputation as a great military leader
3:要一方面保持自己偉大軍事領(lǐng)袖的地位，
while at the same time trumpeting your commitment to maintaining the peace.
另一方面不斷鼓吹會(huì)維系和平的承諾。
And four, pay scrupulous attention to your propaganda.
4: 對(duì)于宣傳要萬(wàn)分注意。
It's a great big imperium out there and different people will have different expectations of you,
你管理的是一個(gè)復(fù)員遼闊的帝國(guó)，不同的人會(huì)對(duì)你有不同的期望，
and as Wilt Chamberlain has thoughtfully shared with us, nobody roots for Goliath.
就像威爾特·張伯倫曾意味深長(zhǎng)地說(shuō)過(guò)的那樣 "沒(méi)有人會(huì)幫助巨人"。
How does Augustus Cesar pull this off?
奧古斯都·凱撒是怎樣成功的呢?
We'll find out in the next exciting unit.
我們下一精彩單元再講。
