Welfare and social insurance —Who should get swine-flu vaccination first
社會福利和社保——誰應該先注射甲流疫苗
World health officials are carefully watching the H IN 1/09 swine-flu virus as it makes its way through the Southern Hemisphere, which is currently in the thick of its flu season. They are particularly interested in seeing how severely the virus affects infected people in parts of Africa, South America and Australia, since their illnesses could be a good predictor of how aggressive the virus will be when flu season returns to the rest of the world in the fall.
H1N1/09型甲流病毒傳播到了南半球,使該地域目前處于流感髙發季節。世界衛生組織官員正對此進行密切觀察,希望能預測到病毒會對非洲、南美和澳大利亞地區的人們造成多大的影響。這是官員們迫切需要解決的問題,因為這些地區的病情將能很準確地 預測到流感季節(秋季)重回時世界各地疫情的嚴重情況.
So far, the H IN 1/09 flu appears to be mild overall and treatable with existing antiviral therapies. But given that the virus continues to cause some serious cases of illness and death, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) isn’t taking any chances. On Wednesday, July 29, the agency called an urgent meeting of its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,which decides who gets vaccinated against which diseases and when. The committee was asked to generate guidelines for H1N1/09 vaccination, if and when the agency determines that such immunizations become necessary, in addition to those for seasonal flu.
到目前為止,H1N1/09型流感病毒似乎是溫和的,并且可以用 現有的抗病毒治療方法治愈。但鑒于該病毒繼續導致一些嚴重的病例和死亡案例,美國疾病預防控制中心(CDCP)在防治上沒有心存任何僥幸。7月29日星期三,該機構緊急召開免疫措施咨詢委員會會議,決定哪些人該在何時獲得抵御哪種疾病的疫苗。如果當疾病預防控制中心認定接種疫苗變成必要,委員會要制定出關于接種H1N1/09型流感和其他流感疫苗的指導方針。
The 15-member panel of doctors, scientists, vaccine experts, public-health officials and a citizen representative came up with five core populations they believe should receive the first wave of HIN 1/09 immunization. These include pregnant women, people living in households with babies under 6 months old (since infants cannot be immunized, they must be protected by preventing illness in those around them), emergency medical personnel who are likely to be in contact with infected patients, young people between 6 months and 24 years old, and non-elderly individuals who have underlying conditions, such as asthma, respiratory illness or a compromised immune system, that put them at higher risk of flu convocations.
這個15人的小組由醫生、科學家、疫苗專家、公共衛生官員和公民代表組成,提出了他們認為的應該首先接種H1N1/09疫苗的5類核心人群。這些人包括孕婦,家中有6個月以下嬰兒的家庭成員(因為嬰兒不能接種,必須通過防止周圍的人生病來預防),可能跟受感染病人接觸的急診醫護人員,6個月至24歲間的年輕人,或患有如哮喘、呼吸系統疾病或破壞免疫系統等能夠增加患較離流感并發癥風險的非老年人.
Notably absent from the target list are the elderly, those over age 65, who are generally considered a high-risk group when it comes to seasonal infiuenza. Based on the pmlattons who were handest hit by HIN1/09 last spring, first in Mexico and then across other continents, CDCP experts believe that the elderly will not be asvulnerable to HIN1/09 in the fail as younger adults might be. In fact, health officials have relegated the elderly to the bade of the line for HXN1/09 vaccinations after the five target groups have received tiieir shots, the next eligible group would be younger, healthy adults who have no underlying medical conditions that would complicate the flu. Only after those peculations have been inoculated would the elderly be permitted to receive vaccination. “People who are 65 and over are at high risk of influenza complications from seasonal influenza,” Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the CDCP’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, told reporters on Wednesday. “It’s important that they get the seasonal-flu shot. But the H1N1 outbreaks have so far spared that population. So I would tell them that their risk of illness from this virus is very low compared to that of younger people."
值得注意的是,目標名單上沒有年齡超過65歲的老年人,他們普遑被認為是流惑季節里的髙危人群的老人。根據去年春天從墨西哥爆發再傳到世界各地的H1N1/09流感中感染嚴重的人群情況,疾病預防控制中心的專家認為,在秋季的H1N1/09型流感中,年輕人容易被感染而并非是老年人。事實上,衛生官員巳經把老年人放到接種H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗名單的后面,在五大目標群體之后的是比他們年輕的、未患有可能將流感病情復雜化疾病的成年人。只有在這些人群接種后, 老年人才被允許接受疫苗注射。疾病預防控制中心的全國免疫和呼吸系統疾病中心主任安妮斯圖查特博士周三對記者說:“65歲以上的老年人是季節性流感的高危人群,給他們注射季節性流感疫苗很重要,但他們迄今在H1N1流感的爆發中未受影響。所以我告訴他們,他們患這種病的風險比年輕人低得多?!?/div>
That could still change, but at least for now, says Schuchat local and state health authorities will have some guidelines for deciding who should get vaccinated if it becomes necessary. That could be useful since initial lots of the vaccine, which will have to be given in two doses, may not be sufficient to vaccinate everyone who wants it; some targetting of the first shots will be necessary. Manufacturers around the world are currently preparing and testing vaccines the first are expected to be ready in October but Schuchat stressed on Wednesday that the CDCP has not yet decided whether it will recommend HIN 1/09 vaccination at all.
斯圖査特說這情況有可能會改變,但至少到目前為止,如果變得必要,地方和國家衛生機構會為誰該注射疫苗制定出指導方針。這可能是有益的,因為初步研制的大部分疫苗必須要注射兩劑,可能不夠給所有希望注射的人用,注射第一針非常重要。世界各地的制造商目前正在準備和測 試疫苗,第一批疫苗估計在10月完成。但斯圖查特周三強調,疾病預防控制中心還沒有決定是否推薦接種H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗。
來源:可可英語 http://www.ccdyzl.cn/Article/201603/429986.shtml