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Pompey was beaten at the Battle of Pharsalus in forty eight BC.
他在公元前48年的法爾薩拉斯會(huì)戰(zhàn)中擊敗龐培，
In forty seven BC Cleopatra was established as queen of Ancient Egypt
公元前47年克婁巴特拉被立為古埃及女王，
and King Pharnabazus of Pontus was overthrown in forty seven BC.
本都王國(guó)國(guó)王法那培薩斯于公元前47年被推翻，
The last nest of optimates was cleared out in Africa in forty six BC.
公元前46年，最后一批元老在阿非利加被清除。
Returning to Rome in July forty six, Caesar celebrated four triumphs,
凱撒于46年七月回到羅馬，慶祝四項(xiàng)勝利，
Gaul, Egypt, Asia, and Africa, but none over Pompey.
即在高盧，埃及，亞細(xì)亞和阿非利亞的勝利，但是沒(méi)有提及對(duì)龐培的勝利。
He assumed a ten-year dictatorship, like Sulla, for the purpose of restoring the republic.
和蘇拉一樣，他開始了十年的獨(dú)裁，目的是要恢復(fù)共和國(guó)。
At this point Caesar still appeared serious about maintaining the old Republican political institutions.
這時(shí)候凱撒似乎還是認(rèn)真地想保持原來(lái)的共和國(guó)政治體制。
He helped campaign for magistrates, and encouraged young nobles, such as young Marcus Junius Brutus,
他幫助治安官競(jìng)選，鼓勵(lì)像瑪庫(kù)斯·尤尼烏斯·布魯圖這樣的年輕貴族，
to consider careers in public affairs.
參與政治事務(wù)。
But in forty five BC, Pompey's two surviving sons stirred up a Spanish rebellion,
但是公元前45年，龐培的兩個(gè)活下來(lái)的兒子在西班牙發(fā)動(dòng)叛亂，
forcing Caesar to go there and stamp the rebellion out.
使凱撒不得不前往鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂，
It is likely that the experience led Caesar to think the Republic really couldn't be fixed.
很有可能是這一次經(jīng)歷使凱撒意識(shí)到共和國(guó)體制真的修復(fù)不了了，
If Caesar's old enemies were bound and determined to get back at him,
如果凱撒以前的敵人還決心要報(bào)復(fù)他，
there was no point in his pretending to share power with anyone else.
那他假裝是在和別人分享權(quán)力就沒(méi)有任何意義了。
On his return from Spain Caesar was a different man.
從西班牙回來(lái)時(shí)凱撒的想法已經(jīng)徹底改變
He now worked hard to secure his supreme authority in the Roman state.
自那開始他盡力穩(wěn)固自己在羅馬的最高統(tǒng)治權(quán)，
The popular assembly, which had always been on his side,
公民大會(huì)一直站在他的一邊，
piled honor after honor on him, such as the right to use the title Imperator as his first name,
這時(shí)開始給他一個(gè)又一個(gè)榮譽(yù)比如可以用皇帝作為名號(hào)，
lifetime tribunician power complete with veto
不可復(fù)決的終生保民官權(quán)力
and the establishment of a formal religious cult around his genius or guardian spirit.
還圍繞他的保護(hù)神創(chuàng)立了正式宗教膜拜儀式，
Caesar packed the Senate with his supporters, doubling it in size,
凱撒用自己的支持者組成元老院，將元老院人數(shù)加倍
and he rigged the annual elections for five years in advance.
并且提前五年操縱每年一度的選舉。
His excuse for this breach of the mos maiorum was his planned campaign against the Parthian Empire,
他允許這些違背社會(huì)慣例的行為是他征戰(zhàn)帕提亞帝國(guó)的計(jì)劃的一部分，
finishing the job that Crassus had so ineptly begun.
他想要完成克拉蘇毫無(wú)策略地開始的事業(yè)。
He expected to be gone for a while and he had to make sure that Rome would remain secure in his absence.
他預(yù)計(jì)自己會(huì)外出一段時(shí)間，得確保在他不在期間羅馬能保持穩(wěn)定，
Early in forty four BC, coinage appeared portraying Caesar as dictator for life.
公元前44年初，出現(xiàn)了將凱撒描繪成終生獨(dú)裁者的貨幣
At the Lupercalia festival in mid-February,
在二月15日的牧神節(jié)，
Mark Antony suddenly appeared with a crown which he tried to put on Caesar's head.
馬克·安東尼突然帶著一頂皇冠到來(lái)想給凱撒戴上，
Sensing a bad vibe, Caesar refused the offer,
凱撒感到氣氛不太對(duì)頭，拒絕了這一請(qǐng)求，
but at least he seemed interested in being the real king of Rome.
但他至少表現(xiàn)出了真的想當(dāng)羅馬國(guó)王的意思，
The few remaining optimates certainly saw it that way.
剩下為數(shù)不多的幾個(gè)原來(lái)的元老肯定是這樣以為的。
And if that wasn't bad enough, Caesar's mistress, Queen Cleopatra of Ancient Egypt,
如果這還不夠糟糕的話，凱撒的情人古羅馬女王克婁巴特拉
moved in to Caesar's house, along with their infant son Caesarion or Little Caesar.
搬到了凱撒家中帶著他們還是嬰兒的兒子小凱撒。
It seemed as though Caesar was laughing not only at the state but at the entire mos maiorum.
凱撒看起來(lái)不僅是在嘲弄羅馬還在嘲弄整套社會(huì)慣例。
