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...himself received five years of proconsular imperium in Rome's two Gallic provinces.
而凱撒自己獲得了在高盧兩省五年的地方總督統治權，
Building a client army of thirty thousand men,
他建立了一支三萬人的職業軍隊，
Cesar conquered and pacified almost the entire area of France,
征服并平定了整片目前法國，
Belgium, and the Netherlands, along with coastal areas of Britain.
比利時和荷蘭的土地，以及英國的沿海地區。
To ensure that everyone back home knew about his great achievements,
為了讓國內所有人知道他的赫赫戰功，
Caesar published a series of commentaries or books about his Gallic Wars.
凱撒發表了一系列關于他的高盧戰爭的評論或者書籍，
A Roman public relations first.
這是羅馬的第一次。
While the members of the Senate's aristocratic faction, or optimates, seethed,
公關行為，盡管元老院的貴族派系成員，也就是各元老怒不可遏，
the minions of the so-called First Triumvirate maintained their stranglehold on Roman politics.
所謂的前三頭同盟的成員還是一直控制著羅馬的政治
Predictably, friction arose between Pompey and Crassus,
可以預見，龐培和克拉蘇之間漸起嫌隙，
but Caesar held the deal together in fifty five BC by renewing the agreement.
但是凱撒公元前55年更新了他們的協議繼續維持了他們的關系，
Pompey got proconsular imperium in Spain and Crassus got proconsular imperium in the East.
龐培獲得西班牙統治權，克拉蘇獲得東方統治權。
Pompey had been there and done that and decided to stay home in Rome and rule Spain through his lieutenants,
龐培去過也統治過西班牙，所以決定留在羅馬，通過自己的部下統治西班牙，
beating Mithradates was a hard act to top.
戰勝米特里達提的戰功很難超越。
But Crassus yearned to match Caesar's and Pompey's successes.
但是克拉蘇急于追上凱撒和龐培的戰功。
He unwisely picked a fight with the Parthian Empire and was killed in 53 BC.
于是極不明智地和帕提亞帝國開戰結果于公元前53年被殺。
Now that the Triumvirate was down to two people,
現在三頭只剩兩頭，
the Senatorial optimates began to pit Pompey against Caesar.
元老會元老開始挑撥龐培和凱撒反目。
For Caesar it was essential to be elected consul of forty nine BC.
對于凱撒來說能被選為公元前49年的執政官至關重要，
It would give him a year's worth of time to settle old accounts with the Senatorial optimates and their new pal Pompey.
這能給他一年的時間和元老會元老以及他們的新伙伴龐培。
But the mos maiorum dictated that Caesar would have to lay down his proconsular imperium,
清算舊賬，但是按照慣例，凱撒得放棄地方總督統治權，
enter Rome as a private citizen,
以普通公民的身份回到羅馬
and only then campaign for himself.
然后才能參加競選，
But the instant Caesar set foot in Rome without his imperium or his troops,
但是自凱撒沒有統治權也不帶軍隊回到羅馬的第一刻，
he knew he'd be dragged into court over and over again until his political career was ruined.
就知道他會被一次次的帶進法庭直到自己的政治生命被毀掉。
And this was of course, precisely what the Senate was hoping for.
這當然正是元老院所希望的。
It commanded Caesar to abandon his Gallic command and come back home as a private citizen by himself.
元老院命凱撒放棄對高盧的統治只身一人作為公民回到羅馬。
Instead, in January forty nine, Cesar brought down his legions from Gaul, crossed the Rubicon river,
但是凱撒沒有這么做，前49年一月凱撒從高盧南下，穿過盧比肯河
and started the Civil War of forty eight to forty six BC.
發動了前48年到46年的內戰。
Segment ten D: Fall of the Roman Republic.
第十部分D: 羅馬共和國的隕落
Late in fifty BC, the Senate ordered Caesar to arrive in Rome minus his proconsular imperium and minus his client army.
公元前50年代末，元老院命凱撒放棄地方總督統治權并不帶軍隊回到羅馬。
Civil war was Caesar's only viable option.
發動內戰是凱撒唯一可行的選擇。
Aware that outside of a few Senatorial diehards,
凱撒知道除了一些元老院死硬分子，
nobody actually wanted this war, he wanted to limit the collateral damage to the Roman state.
沒人想要這場戰爭，他想限制戰爭對羅馬城邦的附帶損害，
Despite dire rumors of upcoming proscriptions and other assorted nastiness,
盡管有可怕的傳言，說將會有死刑公告，以及其他各種可怕傳言，
Caesar announced that any combatant surrendering to him could return home unharmed.
但是凱撒宣布任何士兵只要投降于他就可以安然回到家中。
This policy of clementia or clemency allowed many Pompeian supporters to escape.
這種仁慈政策使得很多龐培派得以逃脫，
But it also won Caesar a great deal of popular support.
但是也給凱撒贏得了很多人民的支持，
Most Romans really did just want to be left alone.
大部分羅馬人真的只想置身事外，
Caesar also worked to pretend that he was not a warlord at the head of a client army,
凱撒還盡量裝作他不是領導職業軍隊的軍閥，
he was just seeking a peaceful solution to Rome's political problems.
而只是在尋求和平方法解決羅馬的政治問題，
Even so, he worked very quickly.
盡管如此，他行動地很快。
