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As a collegiate university, the University of Oxford is considered as a federation which comprises more than forty self-governing colleges and halls,
作為一所聯(lián)合大學，牛津大學可以說是一個聯(lián)盟，它擁有40多個自治學院和學堂，
along with a central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor.
還包括一個由副校長管理的中央行政機構。
The academic departments located within this structure are not affiliated with any particular college.
學部是一個跨學院的機構,不附屬于任何一個學院。
They mainly provide facilities for Oxford's teaching and research.
它們主要負責為牛津大學的教學和研究工作創(chuàng)造條件。
Nowadays, there are 16 academic departments, including the Department of Anthropology and Geography, the Department of Biological Science, the Department of Theology, an so on.
現在，牛津大學共有16個學部，包括人類學和地理學學部、生物科學學部、以及神學學部等等。
However, everyone of the departments , facualty and students, must be a member of a college or hall of the Oxford University.
不過，每個學部的教師和學生必須是牛津大學某一學院或學堂的一員。
Colleges are responsible for admitting undergraduates and organizing their tuition, while this resposibily falls on the departments for graduates.
學院負責本科生的人學和教學工作，但接待研究生的任務卻由學部來承擔。
There are 38 colleges at Oxford University and 6 permanent private halls, each with its own internal structure and activities.
牛津大學總共有38個學院和6個永久性私人學堂，它們都有自己的內部結構和活動。
Each college has its own Governing Body, composed of the Head of House and a number of Fellows, most of whom also hold posts in the University.
每個學院都有自己的管理委員會，由院長和幾個研究員組成，這些研究員中的大多數人在學校都有職位。
The colleges join together to discuss policy, which is usually called the Conference of Colleges.
各個學院聚集在一起討論政策方針等問題，這通常被稱作學院會議。
The whole colleges also gather to deal with the central administration.
所有的學院還會聚到一起與學校的中央行政機構商討事務。
Permanent Private Halls, founded by various Christian denominations, still retain their religious character.
由各種基督教派建立的永久性私人學堂仍然保持著它們的宗教特質。
Teaching members of the colleges, fellows and tutors, are collectively known as dons.
學院教職人員，無論是普通講師還是導師，都被稱為“閣下”。
All colleges invest in large sums of money in facility for library extension, residential and dining condition improvement, and welfare support.
所有的學院都會在圖書館擴建、住宿和飲食條件的改善、以及福利支持等方面投資大量的錢。
In addition, the colleges also provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members.
此外，學院還為它的成員們提供社交、文化和娛樂活動。
What we have just mentioned above is collegiate system,
我們上面提到的就是學院制，
which is used by a great many British universities, such as the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.
英國的很多大學都采用學院制，例如牛津大學和劍橋大學。
The greatest advantage of the collegiate system is that it gives students and academics the benefits of belonging to both a large,
學院制最大的優(yōu)點在于它使得學生和學者不僅屬于一個大的國際知名機構，
internationally renowned institution and to a smaller, interdisciplinary, academic college community.
而且屬于一個小的跨領域的學術性的大學社區(qū)。
Through subjects and year groups, it enables students and leading academics from different cultures and countries to share ideas.
通過學科使來自不同文化與國家的學生和前沿學者們能夠聚集在一起進行思想交流。
