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In the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system.
在牛津大學，教學主要是通過導師制來實施的。
It is one of the most unique and renowned methods of teaching across the world.
導師制是世界上最獨特、最著名的教學方法之一。
The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two or four).
每周一次的輔導課其實就是導師和幾個學生（通常是2 - 4 個）一小時的會面。
During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor.
期間，學生要宣讀專門為輔導課撰寫的論文，并由導師進行評論。
At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the forthcoming week and suggest readings.
輔導課結束的時候，導師會布置下周的研究課題，并推薦讀物。
Tutorials can be considered the backbone of undergraduate teaching at Oxford.
輔導課被認為是牛津大學本科生教學的支柱。
Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars often with groups of perhaps 10 students.
同時，牛津的教學還有全校各個學部的課程、 實驗項目和由大約10個學生組成的研討會作為補充。
Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student.
輔導課之所以能夠得到大家的青睞，是因為它們使得導師和學生之間維持了一種親密的關系。
The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.
導師制為本科生提供了條件，使他們和自己學術領域內的導師能夠直接接觸，大部分情況下是一周見一次。
In the mean time, tutorials are also beneficial for developing students' skills of critical analysis.
同時，輔導課還有利于發展學生們的批判分析技能。
Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor.
在每周的輔導課前，學生們都要求準備一篇論文或其他作業，用來在課上宣讀或者交給導師。
During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze, and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students.
在每次輔導課上，學生們都要與導師和同學通過談話交流、辯論、分析并評論自己和別人的觀點。
The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic and difficult to fake,
導師制有著巨大的價值，它為學習和評估創造了機會，使其頗具真實性，
as the student's work is discussed on the spot.
因為學生的作業都是當場討論的。
The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the individual attention that students receive.
導師制最大的優點是學生能夠得到個別指導。
The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious.
輔導課和美國大學里普通的大課形成了鮮明的對比。
In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.
在典型的美國大學，學生由同樣的專家用同樣的方式以及同樣的標準來教授知識。
However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects.
但是，在牛津的輔導課上，學生有機會與特定學科的專家直接探討自己的觀點和看法。
Sometimes, the student may leave a tutorial with only a reading list and the title of the next essay.
有時，學生會只拿著閱讀清單跟下一篇論文的題目離開輔導課。
As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.
因此，學生們必須在導師的指引下利用可用的資源進行大量的獨立閱讀和研究。
