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Research has determined that Saccharine appears to be non genotoxic or a non DNA reactive chemical.
研究表明，糖精不會對基因造成損害，同時與DNA也不會發(fā)生反應(yīng)
This means it has not been shown to damage or mutate DNA.
這意味著，并無證據(jù)顯示它能損害DNA
Saccharine is not metabolized and is not made into electrofile.
或造成DNA突變，糖精不能新陳代謝也不能進行電解，
So it is it unable to bind to DNA.
因此它無法與DNA發(fā)生反應(yīng)，
One publicized research study shows that
一項公開的研究表明
saccharine induces bladder cancer in male rats who eat a diet high in saccharine.
攝入含有大量糖精的食物的公鼠可能會患上膀胱癌
This was also found in a study looking at offspring of rats fed saccharine.
在另一項關(guān)于喂食糖精的小鼠幼仔的實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的結(jié)果，
Although the rats used in these tests were prone to bladder parasites
盡管試驗中所用的小鼠本來就易罹患腎癌
and the mechanism saccharine induces saccharine induces cancer in rats does not apply to humans.
同時糖精在小鼠體內(nèi)誘發(fā)癌癥的機制并不適用于人體
Also this study on rats has not been replicated by any other researchers.
而也并沒有任何其他研究者再來驗證過這項研究，
Other studies have looked at other animals such as monkeys mice hamsters and guinea pigs.
另外一些研究曾以其他動物為實驗對象，如猴子倉鼠和豚鼠
Overall the association between bladder cancer and saccharine has not been reproduced.
但是膀胱癌和糖精攝入之間的關(guān)系依舊不甚明了
One study analyses the effects of saccharine consumption from birth to death in monkey.
一項研究分析了糖精在猴子的一生中所產(chǎn)生的作用
Monkeys are one of the best animal models to use
猴子是最好的動物實驗標(biāo)本之一
because they are more similar to humans than some other animal models.
因為它們與其他一些動物相比與人類最為相似
The researchers emphasized the relationship between saccharine and bladder cancer.
研究人員著重研究了糖精和膀胱癌之間的關(guān)系
The 20 treatment monkeys received 25 mg of saccharine per day from 24 hours after birth to their death.
實驗中的20只猴子從出生到死亡，每天都要攝入25毫克的糖精
The dose used was 5 to 10 times the dose that is recommended to humans.
這一攝入量是人類建議攝入量的5-10倍，
Depending on the size of the monkey.
根據(jù)猴子身體的大小進行計算
60 monkeys made up the control group to compare to the treatment group.
60只猴子組成控制組與實驗組進行對比
The urine from both groups was analyzed for various chemicals that are sometimes evidence of bladder cancer.
兩組的尿液都會被拿來檢驗，看其中是否含有作為膀胱癌標(biāo)志的化學(xué)元素，
After the death of each monkey their bladders were analyzed.
在每只猴子死后它們的膀胱都要被拿出檢測
At the end of the study in 1995
1995年實驗結(jié)束的時候，
there was no evidence of abnormal cell growth in the urethulum.
沒有證據(jù)表明泌尿系統(tǒng)中并無異常細胞
This includes various parts of the bladder,
其中包括膀胱的不同部分
including renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
有腎盂，輸尿管，膀胱和尿道
No monkeys in the control group showed signs of bladder cancer.
控制組中的猴子全部沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)膀胱癌的跡象
Both control and treatment monkeys showed the same changes in their bladder throughout the study.
控制組和實驗組的猴子在實驗的全部過程中，都表現(xiàn)出的同樣的膀胱改變，
Measurements from the urine samples showed no difference between the treatment and control group.
尿液樣本檢查也表明兩組之間并無差異
The pH, protein, calcium and phosphate levels in urine were analyzed
研究人員分析了尿液中的酸堿值，蛋白質(zhì)和碳酸鹽水平，
because altered levels are sometimes associated with bladder cancer.
因為這些值的改變有可能與膀胱癌息息相關(guān)
There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in each of these measurements.
就每個數(shù)值而言兩組之間都沒有顯著的差異
In conclusion this study supports the claim that saccharine is without carcinogenic or DNA damaging effects,
總而言之，這項研究表明糖精不會致癌，也不會造成DNA損傷，
and would not increase the risk of cancer.
并且不會增加罹患癌癥的幾率
