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His family at home had to fend for itself, and even if he did make it home in one piece there was no question of receiving a pension. Even though Rome's military was greatly helped by the addition of allied troops, who served under the same lousy conditions, the core of trained Roman citizen soldiers was in danger of falling apart. As mentioned before, the small farmer class was already crumbling under the economic pressure of the latifundia. The optimates who controlled the Senate had proven their determination to stamp out, even kill, any reforms.
他的家庭在家需要自己照料自己即使他完好的回到家，獲得養(yǎng)老金即使羅馬軍隊(duì)很大程度地得到處于同樣破舊情況的盟軍幫助受訓(xùn)的羅馬公民軍隊(duì)卻處在崩潰的邊緣正如之前提到的，小農(nóng)階級已經(jīng)在大莊園制的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力下?lián)u搖欲墜貴族派控制了元老院，下決心清除甚至扼殺任何改革
On the other hand, a strong Roman military was becoming even more crucial than it had been in Rome's early robbery years.
另一方面，一只強(qiáng)大的羅馬軍隊(duì)相比于羅馬早年搶劫的年代變得越來越重要
A century of conquest forced Rome to maintain a
一個(gè)世紀(jì)的征服強(qiáng)迫羅馬保持
permanent military presence in the provinces to forestall rebellions. As mentioned earlier,
在各省份長久的軍事存在來攔截反抗者，正如之前所說
Roman promagistrates ruled their provinces like petty kings, with little if any thought for the province's unfortunate inhabitants. Consequently,
羅馬資深長官像一個(gè)小國王一樣統(tǒng)治他們的省份，而對于其中的不幸居民毫不關(guān)心
revolts were numerous, often sparked by reactions to the local publicani. Publicani were contractors who
結(jié)果是常常由當(dāng)?shù)厥斩惞僖l(fā)的反抗不斷收稅官與政府有約
paid the government for the right to collect taxes in
付給政府金錢以獲得某個(gè)地區(qū)
a certain locality. Since the publicani's profit
收稅的權(quán)利，因?yàn)槭斩惞俚睦?/p>
depended on how much money they could extort
取決于他們能從一個(gè)省份中榨取多少
from a province, they were often very brutal.
他們常常很蠻橫不講道理
The proconsul or propraetor was always willing to back up the local publican for a cut of the take.
地方總督或者地方長官常常愿意支持當(dāng)?shù)氐氖斩惞伲垣@得分成
This only worsened Rome's reputation with
這只會(huì)使羅馬的名譽(yù)在人們中變得更差
the provincials. Finding enough soldiers to keep
找到足夠的戰(zhàn)士來保衛(wèi)和平
the peace had become rather difficult.
變得非常困難
Roman citizens had once considered military service a privilege, not an obligation. No more.
羅馬公民曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為參加是一項(xiàng)特權(quán)而不是義務(wù)，但現(xiàn)在不是這樣了
The prospect of 20 years spent patrolling dangerous lands in dangerous provinces for minimum pay was a poor recruiting tool. Many small farmers who had somehow survived the establishment of latifundia dodged the draft by abandoning their farms for the city. Even in the city work was hard to find.
20年的前景被用來巡查危險(xiǎn)省份的危險(xiǎn)用地，獲得的工資也很少這并不利于招募戰(zhàn)士，很多小農(nóng)在大莊園制的建立中幸存下來為了逃避入伍他們放棄自己的農(nóng)場逃亡城市，但甚至在城市工作也很難找到
Most of the skilled craftsmen in the city were themselves slaves. Even the great Roman aristocrats
城市中的大部分手藝精巧的手藝工人都是奴隸，甚至在最偉大的羅馬貴族
who wished to glorify Rome's greatness by building great monuments naturally had the work performed by slaves. It was far easier for these poor people,
想要修建巨大的紀(jì)念碑來歌頌羅馬的偉大時(shí)自然也需要奴隸來完成工作對于這些窮人而言，他們曾經(jīng)是
who had once been the backbone of the Roman state,
羅馬國的中堅(jiān)分子
to find a kindly patron in the city and hang on to
但要在城市中找到一個(gè)好心的保護(hù)人
him for dear life. Because the Roman aristocracy would not do anything to help the Roman small farmer,
靠他們過上好日子是很困難的，因?yàn)榱_馬貴族不會(huì)做任何事來幫助羅馬的小農(nóng)
Roman generals such as Gaius Marius, consul one zero six, one zero four, one zero three, one zero two,
羅馬的將軍們例如蓋約格拉古，公元前106年執(zhí)政官 104年的 103年的
one zero one, one hundred and eighty seven BC,
102年的 101年的 100和87年的
and his former lieutenant Lucius Cornelius Sulla,
以及他的前任中尉蘇拉
consul eighty eight, dictator eighty two to seventy
公元前88年的執(zhí)政官 82年到79年的
nine BC, had to recruit and pay Roman soldiers
獨(dú)裁者，都不得不從羅馬的底層
from the Roman lower classes.
招募羅馬戰(zhàn)士，并給他們錢
On the one hand they had no choice, one the other the precedent was disastrous. In one zero seven BC,
一方面他們別無選擇，另一方面他們的前例是毀滅性的，公元前107年
Marius recruited Rome's first client army,
馬呂斯招募了羅馬第一支個(gè)人軍隊(duì)
when as consul he took over the war against King Jugurtha of Numidia. Marius recuited military-eligible citizens whenever possible,
執(zhí)政期間他發(fā)動(dòng)了反對努米底亞國朱古達(dá)王的戰(zhàn)爭馬呂斯有機(jī)會(huì)就招募滿足軍事要求的公民
but even for a genuine war manpower was hard to find.
但是甚至一個(gè)真正的作戰(zhàn)人力都很難找到
