評論
打印
Segment nine E: Conclusions.
第九節 E 結論
One. With The Necessary Changes Having Been
第一，已經發生的是必要的改變嗎?
Made.?Part of the Roman genius included knowing,
一部分的羅馬天才至少大部分時間
at least most of the time, when to deviate from
明白什么時候
the good old mos maiorum. The Roman's openness
不按照祖制的辦
to adopting Hellenism shows the Romans at their very best. As it turned out, the Romans did not
羅馬對于采取古希臘文化的態度最好得表現了羅馬人
really become morally weakened by exposure to Greek arts, sciences, or social customs.
結果是羅馬人并沒有因為接觸希臘藝術，科學或者習俗而變得精神脆弱
The Romans' close study of the Ancient Greeks'
羅馬人對于古希臘語言和文學的仔細研究
language and literature was an essential step to developing Latin literature and Latin drama.
是發展拉丁文學和拉丁戲劇的必要步驟
Greek medicine was a massive improvement over its Roman counterpart, and as it turned out, even
希臘醫藥對于羅馬是巨大的改進
Greek philosophy had something to offer the
結果是甚至希臘哲學家都對羅馬哲學家
aphilosophical Romans. Even the old-school Romans,
有所幫助，甚至是羅馬的老學派
like Cato the Censor, delete of Carthage,
例如加圖和迦太基??
who complained bitterly about Hellenism,
他們都苦苦地抱怨古希臘文化
learned quite a bit from the Greeks. Two.
但從希臘人那里學到很多
Meet the New Boss.?Thanks to the Sexto-Licinian
第二，新老大? 多虧了公元前367年的
laws of three sixty seven BC, plebeians could be Sexto-Licinian
法律，平民可以
elected to the office of consul. Other changes
競選成為執政官
resulted from the Conflict of the Orders.
其它改變來自對于命令的沖突
The patrician class had been replaced in influence by
貴族階級被取代
a new, quote, unquote, noble class, which included plebeian based families, that is to say, wealthy
受到"新的"貴族階級的影響其包括平民家庭
plebeian based families. The major qualifications
或者說有錢的平民家庭
were membership in the senatorial class,
主要的條件是成為元老院階級的一員
which you got by being elected consul and
而這的前提是當選為執政官
having an ancestor who had held a consulship.
以及有先人曾當過執政官
The road was also open to men not born in Rome to
這條成為貴族的路對于
become part of the nobility, but this was rare.
不是出生在羅馬的人也敞開，但成功案例很少
In practice, only three non-Senatorial men of any note reached consulship in the history of
實際上，在羅馬共和國的歷史上只有三個不是元老院的人
the Roman Republic, Cato the Elder, we've met him
成為了執政官，他們是老家圖，我們已經
already, Marius, and Cicero. However,
看到過他了，馬呂斯和西塞羅
even Senators from non-noble families were men
但是甚至來自非貴族家庭的元老在成為
of influence during the years that they actually held their magistracies.
地方執政官的時候也很有影響力
Three. Diversity.?Once they got over the Conflict of the Orders, the Romans were surprisingly well
第三，多樣性? 羅馬人一旦擺脫了對命令的沖突，他們令人驚訝地致力于使人們
committed to letting people advance socially and
在社會和政治上進步
politically.This applied not only tothe new noble class
這不僅適用于新貴族階級
The senatorial class was composed of all descendants of former magistrates, but in principle restricted to
元老院階級由以前的地方執政官的后代組成但是至少在官方上
those who, at least officially, stayed out of
原則上受限于那些
business life in order to play a role in the Senate.
遠離商業生活想要在元老院謀得一職的人
The equestrian class passed up a direct role in public
騎士階級為了專注于他們的商業利益
life in order to focus on their business interests.
放棄了在公共生活中直接扮演一角色的機會
They could, if they wanted, move up into the
如果他們愿意他們可以進入
senatorial class but didn't always do so.
元老院階級，但他們不總是愿意這樣
The equestrian class was also a stepping stone for Italian born citizens and other non-Roman
騎士階級也是在意大利出生或者其它非羅馬人進入
born citizens to move into political life.
政治生活的進階石
During the Principate, when this commitment to diversity was expanded to include the provinces,
在這種元首制中，當致力于多樣性的奴隸擴展到各個省份
Rome was able to draw upon the brightest and
羅馬就能夠從整個帝國
most promising people of the entire Empire.
挖掘到最聰明最有前途的人
