1、pioneer

先驅(qū)；先鋒；創(chuàng)始人；倡導(dǎo)者

one of the leading pioneers of British photo journalism.

英國(guó)新聞攝影界的領(lǐng)軍人物之一

What they lacked in speed those pioneer pilots made up for by flying only a few feet above the ground.

那些飛行員先驅(qū)通過(guò)離地僅幾英尺的低空飛行，彌補(bǔ)了飛行速度的不足。

開(kāi)創(chuàng)；倡導(dǎo)

Professor Alec Jeffreys, who invented and pioneered DNA tests.

發(fā)明和倡導(dǎo)DNA檢測(cè)的亞歷克·杰弗里斯教授

The campaigns are part of American-style innovations being pioneered by the new universities.

這些運(yùn)動(dòng)是幾所新建大學(xué)倡導(dǎo)的美式創(chuàng)新的一部分。

拓荒者；開(kāi)拓者；開(kāi)發(fā)者

abandoned settlements of early European pioneers.

已廢棄的早期歐洲拓荒者的定居點(diǎn)

2、advance

（常指為攻擊而）前進(jìn)，推進(jìn)

Reports from Chad suggest that rebel forces are advancing on the capital.

來(lái)自乍得的報(bào)告顯示叛軍正向首都推進(jìn)。

The water is advancing at a rate of 5cm a day.

水位正以每天5厘米的速度上升。

（尤指知識(shí)）發(fā)展，進(jìn)步

Medical technology has advanced considerably.

醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)突飛猛進(jìn)。

Japan has advanced from a rural, feudal society to an urban, industrial power.

日本已從封建農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)城市化工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)。

貸給；預(yù)付；預(yù)支

I advanced him some money, which he would repay on our way home.

我先借給他一些錢，在我們回家的路上他會(huì)還給我的。

The bank advanced $1.2 billion to help the country with debt repayments.

銀行預(yù)支12億美元幫助該國(guó)償還債務(wù)。