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The Utah and New Mexico Territories would
猶他州和新墨西哥領土將
make their own decisions about slavery under
根據所謂的人民主權論
something called popular sovereignty.
做出自己的決定
That is they would vote up or down whether
也就是他們將投票
they would have slavery in their own territories.
是否在其領土內實行奴隸制
The slave trade but not slavery was banned
奴隸貿易，而不是奴隸制被
in the District of Columbia. And a strong fugitive
在哥倫比亞地區被禁止
slave law went into effect. Typically this solution
而嚴格逃奴法生效，這種解決辦法
solved next to nothing. The southerners wanted
幾乎等于毫無作用，南方人想要
strict enforcement of the fugitive slave law
嚴格實行逃奴法
but northerners basically ignored it.
但北方人基本無視它
Some northern states even declared
一些北方州甚至宣布
the fugitive slave law to be illegal.
逃奴法違法
Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 best seller
斯托夫人1852年暢銷書
Uncle Tom's Cabin aided the abolitionist
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》是對廢奴主義者
cause immensely. Even though its African American
的極大幫助，盡管非裔美國人
characters were grossly stereotypical by
被現代標準固化了形象
modern standards Uncle Tom's Cabin also brought
但《湯姆叔叔的小屋》也給
home or brought north an accurate picture
國內或北方描述了
of how human slavery deprived the blacks of
奴隸制如何剝奪黑人人權
human dignity.Meanwhile settlers were moving past
的準確圖景，同時，定居者快速
Missouri into Kansas raising once more the question
穿過密蘇里，進入堪薩斯，這曾引發
whether Kansas would be free or slave.
堪薩斯是要成為自由州還是奴隸州的問題
The 1853 Kansas-Nebraska Act provided once
1853年堪薩斯-內布拉斯加州法案
more for popular sovereignty, this time in Kansas
再次提出人民主權論，這次是在堪薩斯
and Nebraska. Nebraska which held little attraction
和內布拉斯加州，對棉花種植者少有吸引力的
for cotton planters was no problem.
內布拉斯加沒有問題
But popular sovereignty Kansas style meant
但人民主權論在堪薩斯意味著
two competing state governments; one free-soil,
兩個州政府相互競爭，一個是自由州
one pro-slave. And a bitter fight over which of
一個支持奴隸制，戰斗是關于
the two constitutions would be accepted
兩種憲法哪個被接受
when Kansas was admitted to the Union.
當堪薩斯被批準進入美國
Both northern abolitionists and southern slavery
北方廢奴主義者和南方奴隸制支持者
supporters financed settlements in Kansas
都贊助人們在堪薩斯州定居
hoping to get a majority.
希望他們的人成為多數
Slave holding Missourians came over the state border
支持奴隸制的密蘇里人跨國州界
to help support the pro-slavery Kansans.
來幫助支持奴隸制的堪薩斯
Free-soil Kansans returned the favors with
自由州堪薩斯人也回敬
Jay Hawking expeditions into slave holding
杰伊·霍金出征進入
areas of Missouri. Meanwhile both northern abolitionists
密蘇里的蓄奴領土，同時北方廢奴主義者
and southern slave holders raised money to
和南方奴隸主都在籌錢
equip more and more well armed parties of
組成更好的武裝定居團體
quote/unquote settlers to help their respective causes.
以幫助其達成各自的目的
This battle ground of popular sovereignty
這場圍繞人們主權論的戰爭
became known as bleeding Kansas.
后來成為流血的堪薩斯
The elections of 1860. In the roll up to the elections
1860年選舉，隨著1860年的選舉逼近
of 1860 southerners and northerners alike
南方人和北方人都
had plenty to be mad about. The 1856 beating of
都有許多抓狂的事 1856年
Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner by
馬薩諸塞州參議員查爾斯·薩姆納
South Carolina Congressman Brooks,
被南卡羅來納州國會議員
Preston Brooks, over a slavery resulted insult
普勒斯頓布魯克斯打，奴隸制導致的辱罵
scandalized the north and thrilled the south.
令北方震驚，令南方震顫
That same year pro-slavery Kansans attacked
同一年，支持奴隸制的堪薩斯人攻擊
and burned the free-soil city of Lawrence.
并燒掉了自由城市勞倫斯
In return an anti-slavery fanatic named John Brown
而反奴隸制的狂熱者約翰布朗
killed 5 pro-slavery settlers at Pottawattamie Creek.
殺掉波特瓦特米河5名支持奴隸制的定居者
Meanwhile the Supreme Court ruled in the case
與此同時，最高法院裁決，這個案子中的
of Dred Scott that no black could be a citizen of
德雷德·斯科特，黑人不能算作是美國公民
the United States and that it was moreover
而且，聯邦內任何地方
unconstitutional to ban slave holding anywhere
禁止擁有奴隸的地方都
in the Union. This decision spurred the abolitionists
是違憲的，這個決定使得廢奴主義者
to new heights of outrage. President James Buchanan,
怒火高漲，詹姆斯·布坎南總統
a Pennsylvanian but a strong southern sympathizer,
是個賓夕法尼亞人，但是南方的堅定支持者
recommended that Congress accept Kansas
他建議國會接受堪薩斯
into the Union with a slave holding constitution.
進入聯盟，準許蓄奴憲章
This was too much for the northern democrats to bear.
這對北方民主人士而言太過火了
