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But Texas was more suited to cattle ranching
但德克薩斯州更適合放牧
than cotton production. Texas itself would not
而不是棉花種植，德克薩斯自身
be enough to help the south match
不足以幫助南方
the economic progress of the rapidly growing north.
匹敵北方的經濟迅速增長
Sadly the founders had either failed or refused to
可悲的是，國父們要么失敗
consider the possibility of north-south division.
要么拒絕考慮南北分裂的可能性
This caused a tremendous sectional struggle
這導致巨大派系斗爭
which ended in civil war.
那在內戰中瓦解
The new frontier. The Midwest was growing
新邊疆，中西部
by leaps and bounds too. It was being settled not
也在突飛猛進，其定居者不只有移民
just by immigrants but by restless northerners
還有躁動不安的北方人和南方人
and southerners. The Louisiana Purchase except
路易斯安那購買
for Missouri began really filling up after 1840.
除了密蘇里，于1840年之后開始填滿
Not only farmers moved west, Thomas Lincoln,
不只農民向西遷移，托馬斯林肯
father of Abraham was one example moving from
亞伯拉罕的父親是一個例子
Kentucky to Indiana to Illinois, but merchants
他從肯塔基移民至印第安納，再到伊利諾伊
and skilled craftsmen too.
商人和技術工匠也如此
Whatever Midwesterners grew or produced
不管中西部人怎樣發展或生產
and could not eat or use themselves the northeast
填滿不能消耗或吃掉自己的產品
was happy to purchase. What the northwest
東北部人很高興購買
could not consume it exported. By the start of
西北部人不能消耗掉的出口產品
the Civil War the Midwest was producing more than
內戰開始時，中西部每年生產
170 million bushels of grain per year much of
1.7億多蒲式耳的稻谷
which went to the northeast by boat or
由船運至東北或
by one of the railway lines which began to
通過一條
spring up all over the United States.
遍布全美的一條鐵路線運過去
The south experienced the railroad boom too
南方也經歷了鐵路蓬勃發展
but the strong railroad links between north
但北方與中西部的牢固鐵路連接
and Midwest helped keep the Midwest
使得內戰期間
in the Union during the Civil War.
中西部留在聯邦內
It would be hard to blame the southerners for
我們很難怪罪南方人
getting the feeling that they were being surrounded.
會感覺自己被包圍了
Progress and Regress. Americans were
前進與回歸
divided in other ways. The wave of Irish and German,
美國人在其它方面被分離
Catholic immigrants arriving in the first
前半個世紀，愛爾蘭，德國，天主教移民浪潮
half of the century caused a backlash among
在土生土長的新教美國人中
native born Protestant Americans.
引起后沖
Aside from their unusual customs and religious
除了非同尋常的風俗與宗教習慣
practices Catholic immigrants competed with
天主教移民與
native born Protestants for jobs.
土生土長的新教徒競爭工作崗位
Because of their number and the ease of acquiring
因為他們的數量與獲得公民身份的便利
citizenship the new immigrants gained considerable
新移民形成了巨大的政治勢力
political clout at the expense of the previously
以先前的新教徒定居
Protestant establishment.
為代價
This would cause internal tensions.
這將導致內部沖突
Citizens also strove for greater rights and
公民也為更大的權力與機會奮斗著
opportunities. By 1860, thanks to organized labor,
到1860年，由于隸屬工會的工人
the 10 hour workday was a generally accepted
10小時工作日在我國
standard around the nation. The need for a literate,
被普遍接受為標準時間
educated citizen body caused the establishment
對識字受教育公民群體的需求導致
of free, tax-supported schools across the north
免費，稅收支持的學校在北方
and in some parts of the south. Prisons,
和南方部分地區的建立，監獄
social welfare and even the prohibition of
社會福利，甚至還有禁酒
alcohol became public issues as Americans
都成為公共問題
worked to ensure life, liberty and the pursuit of
隨著美國人奮力保證生活，自由和追尋
happiness for just about everyone.
所有人的幸福
The position of women in society remained
婦女在社會中的地位
completely unequal. Although there was some
依舊完全不公，盡管一些傳統
tradition of some young women being allowed to
允許一些年輕婦女
pursue their choice of career this was generally true
追尋其職業選擇，但這僅限于
for a number of careers only and only until marriage.
一些職業，且只是在結婚之前
Then as always individual women found ways to
然后，總有個別婦女會設法
rise above society's arbitrary obstacles.
克服社會的專制障礙
By the 1840s a women's right movement emerged
到1840年代，一次婦女權利運動
under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton
在伊利莎白．凱蒂．史單頓和
and Lucretia Mott. Cady Stanton recognized that
瑞蒂雅．柯芬的領導下出現凱蒂．史單頓指出
for all of women's pressing concerns;
所有婦女的迫切擔憂
equality before the law, equal access to education,
如法律平等，平等受教育權
equal right to take part in public life,
參與公眾生活的平等權利
the right to vote had to come first
選舉權必須列于第一
which if finally did in 1920.
這最終于1920年實現
