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The average Confederate soldier was not
南方士兵大多不是
likely to be a slave owner; didn't have the money.
蓄奴者，他們沒有錢
He would also be likely to say he was fighting
士兵也可能說他不是為奴隸制二戰
not for slavery but for his state's right to
而是為他的州
make its own state laws. A northerner soldier
制定自己州法的權利而戰，一位北方士兵
would likely say he was fighting for the Union.
可能說，他是為聯邦而戰
And unless he was an abolitionist didn't likely
除非他是位廢奴主義者
care about slaves one way or another.
他不可能關心奴隸問題
The Confederate Army had no monopoly
南方軍隊沒有壟斷
on prejudice against blacks.
對黑人的歧視
The Copperheads who wished to make peace
銅頭蛇希望與南邦聯邦和平共處
with the Confederacy and let it go its own way
讓事態自由發展
were supported even by some Union Generals.
甚至得到北方一些將軍支持
By 1863 once the rush to enlist was over
到1863年，從軍熱一度過氣
many northerners flat out refused to fight
許多北方人筋疲力盡
in a war that was thought to be going on to
拒絕為解放黑奴戰斗
free black slaves. Meanwhile black ex-slaves
與此同時，前黑人奴隸
who wanted to fight in the United States Army
想要在美國軍隊中戰斗
were driven away until some sort of sanity prevailed.
被驅除出軍隊，這一直持續至社會普遍恢復神智
Even when blacks were allowed to wear uniforms
甚至當黑人被允許穿制服
and take a bullet for the Union cause
為聯邦軍擋子彈
they did so commanded by white officers.
他們這樣也是受到白人官員指揮
Three. Some are more equal than others. .
3，一些人比其他人更平等
The Civil War almost tore the country apart.
內戰幾乎讓美國分裂
But in this case it wasn't the bullet that nearly
但這個情況中，幾乎要了美國命的不是子彈
killed America, it was the hole. The founders'
而是洞
unwillingness to tackle the slave issue left
國父不愿意解決奴隸問題
a gapping wound on our nation which
這為我們國家留下了無法彌合的傷口
even the 13th Amendment of 1865 could not heal.
甚至1865年的13修正案也無法使它愈合
Slavery was abolished but still segregation ruled.
奴隸制被廢除，但種族分離依舊占上風
Women gained the right to vote only in 1920.
婦女直至1920年才獲得選舉權
Blacks and women were not the only ones
不只黑人和婦女
experiencing discrimination, as mentioned earlier
遭遇過歧視，之前提到過
Mormons were hassled, driven out of the Midwest for
摩門教徒也被煩擾，因其信仰被驅逐出中西部
their beliefs. But at least they were considered human.
但他們至少被視為人
As opposed to the Chinese and other Orientals
不同于中國人和其他東方人
who were brought in by the boatload to work at labor
那些人渡船到這，做勞苦工
intensive tasks and virtually treated like slaves.
被當做真正的奴隸對待
Europeans were not exempt either.
歐洲人也未受免除
The Know-Nothing Party believed that Irish Catholic
一無所知黨相信天主教愛爾蘭移民
immigrants were nearly responsible for
是所有美國疾病的來源
almost all of America's ills. Fortunately nationalistic
幸運的是，像這樣的民族主義盲信者
bigots like this faded into the distance
漸漸減少
as the nation moved to confront bigger problems.
因為國家面臨更大的問題
Unfortunately other such bigoted movements
不幸的是，其它這樣的狂熱運動
would arise after the Civil War,
內戰結束后又升起
the most famous being the Knights of the Klu Klux Klan.
最著名的是三K黨
Four. If at first you don't secede.
4，如果最開始沒有退出聯邦
Constitutional scholars still argue over
憲法學者仍在爭論
whether the Confederate states had the right to
南方州是否有權
secede from the Union or not.
退出聯邦
Obviously this question was immaterial to
顯然，這個問題對亞伯拉罕林肯不重要
Abraham Lincoln who refused to acknowledge
他拒絕承認他們的退出
their secession and treated the states as rebels instead.
視那些州為叛亂者
It wasn't a question of slavery for Lincoln
對林肯而言那不是奴隸制的問題
who wrote the following in August 1862.
他在1862年8月寫下了這些
"If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves,
"如果不解放奴隸，我能拯救聯邦
I would do it. And if I could save it by
我會那樣做，如果能通過解放所有奴隸
freeing all the slaves I would do it.
拯救聯邦，我也會那樣做
And if I could do it by freeing some and
如果我能靠解放部分奴隸拯救聯邦
leaving others alone, I would also do that."
我也會那樣做"
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1st,
林肯1863年1月1日的《解放奴隸宣言》
1863 took the third course. Lincoln bravely
走的是第三條路
freed the slaves all over the Confederacy
林肯大膽解放了全南方的奴隸
while saying nothing about slaves held in Union slave
卻對美國奴隸州只字未提
states like Kentucky, Maryland and yes,
如肯塔基和馬里蘭，是的，還有
Missouri. Lincoln's means were often
密蘇里，林肯的方法常常
open to question. Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus
引來爭論，暫停人身保護狀
made it possible for the United States to
讓美國可能
imprison citizens indefinitely for,
沒有確定理由
without even giving a reason.
就關押公民
Again the end was undoubtedly good.
但結果無疑是好的
Freedom at least officially so for all Americans
所有美國人和全聯邦終于公開聲明了自由
and the Union, the grand experiment saved.
偉大實驗被拯救了
