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Ex-presidents Jefferson and Madison
美國前總統(tǒng)杰斐遜和麥迪遜
advised President Monroe that the proposal was sound
建議門羅總統(tǒng)說，這個提議很不錯
and an alliance with Britain was a good idea.
與英國結(jié)盟是個好主意
But Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
但是國務(wù)卿約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯
suspected British motives.
懷疑英國的動機
Adams also knew Russia wanted to extend its influence
亞當(dāng)斯還知道，蘇聯(lián)希望擴張自己
in the Pacific Northwest.
在西北太平洋的勢力
This was not strictly speaking
這嚴格來說不算是
the United States' problem.
美國的問題
California belonged to the Republic of Mexico
加利福尼亞屬于墨西哥共和國
which was desperately seeking alliance
它正在急切地尋求
with the US at this time.
與美國聯(lián)手
Still Adams didn't want anymore Russians
可是亞當(dāng)斯不希望更多蘇聯(lián)人
coming down from Alaska.
從阿拉斯加南下
He also didn't want Britain
他也不想英國
to expand its Oregon Territory.
擴大在俄勒岡州的領(lǐng)土
Alliance with Britain would be helpful.
與英國結(jié)盟會有所幫助
But it would also count as a foreign entanglement.
但這也算是卷入外交糾紛中的一種
Instead Adams recommended that
因此亞當(dāng)斯建議
the United States warn Spain, France and Russia
美國應(yīng)該警告西班牙，法國和蘇聯(lián)
to stay out of the western hemisphere
遠離西半球的事務(wù)
on the United States's own authority
不要干預(yù)美國的勢力范圍
with no reference to alliance with the British
但是沒有和任何人提及
or anyone else.
要與英國結(jié)盟的事
The Monroe Doctrine.
門羅主義
John Quincy Adams was convinced that
約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯當(dāng)時認為
the US had to act unilaterally, that is on its own.
美國應(yīng)采取單方面行動
His arguments finally pushed
他的意見最終使得
President Monroe and the Cabinet toward
門羅總統(tǒng)和內(nèi)閣
an independent United States policy.
達成了一項獨立的美國政策
On December 2nd, 1823
1823年12月2日
Monroe expressed in his message to Congress
門羅向國會表達了自己的看法
an approach now known as the Monroe Doctrine.
后來人們把這一舉措成為門羅主義
In fact a more appropriate name
事實上，更確切的名字
would be the John Quincy Adams Doctrine.
應(yīng)該是約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯主義
Essentially the United States
根本上，美國
was making two important points.
要聲明兩點
First, the New World was no longer open
首先，新世界不向
to new colonization by the Old World.
舊世界形成的聯(lián)盟開放
Second, the New World, the Americas,
第二，新世界，也就是美洲
the western hemisphere, whatever,
也就是西半球
was now an American sphere of influence
現(xiàn)在屬于美國的勢力范圍
where America was overlooking things
美國有權(quán)力對此區(qū)域進行監(jiān)管
and things had to be cleared with America
所以在任何國家插手之前
before you could proceed.
必須經(jīng)過美國同意
And here's a quote from the Monroe Doctrine.
下面我要引述門羅主義中的一段話
"But with the governments who have declared
"對于那些已經(jīng)宣布獨立
their independence and maintained it
并保持獨立的政府
and whose independence we have on great consideration
他們的獨立對我們至關(guān)重要
and on just principles acknowledged,
根據(jù)公正的原則
we could not view any interposition
我們無法容忍任何
for the purpose of oppressing them
以鎮(zhèn)壓他們?yōu)槟康?/div>
or controlling in any other manner their destiny
或者是以任何方式控制他們命運的干涉
by any European power
通過任何歐洲力量
in any other light than as the manifestation
若有上述行為，將被視作
of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States."
對美國的敵對行為處理"
Or in plain 21st century American English,
用平白的21世紀的美國英語說
stay out of my house.
就是"少管閑事"
President Madison neglected to mention that
麥迪遜總統(tǒng)忽略了一點
Great Britain, especially the Royal Navy,
大英帝國，尤其是皇家海軍
was a silent partner in this proclamation
在這一聲明中，也是一個沉默的伙伴
provided that Britain could conduct trade
這樣英國就能夠與
with these new Central and South American democracies.
中美和南美國家繼續(xù)進行貿(mào)易
Its silent partnership
這種沉默的合作
was a good deal for all involved.
很大程度上是有利的
Although the Monroe Doctrine observed
雖然門羅主義也考慮到
the letter of Washington's warning
華盛頓的警告
against foreign entanglements
遠離外事紛爭
it actually told the world that the United States
但是這一舉動還是向世界宣告了
was a major world power.
美國是世界大國之一
Some have argued that the Monroe Doctrine
有些人認為門羅主義
was isolationist in a nature.
本質(zhì)是孤立主義
The European powers can do what they like
歐洲大國在他們的
on their half of the world
半個世界可以為所欲為
but they Americas were reserved
但是美洲只允許
for United States only.
美國獨霸
There's some truth to this.
這種觀點不無道理
