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Becoming president in 1809,
詹姆斯·麥迪遜在1809年
James Madison had no better ideas
接任總統(tǒng)，他也沒有更好的辦法
for keeping Americans out of the British Navy.
阻止美國人接近英國海軍
It was not a great place to start.
那不是一個好的起點
There were also rumors that
當時還有傳言說
the British were going to launch attacks
英國可能會從他們的加拿大殖民地
on the Northwest Territory
對美國西北地區(qū)
out of their Canadian territories.
發(fā)動襲擊
Seen in this light a preemptive strike
因此，似乎發(fā)起一場先發(fā)制人的
against Canada started to sound like a good idea.
針對加拿大的游行是個不錯的主意
There were a lot of people
當時有很多
in the Northern United States who thought that
美國北部地區(qū)的人認為
Canada really belonged to us anyway.
加拿大也應該是屬于美國的
Tired of British bullying
由于不堪忍受英國欺凌
and ready to annex Canada
并且覬覦加拿大的領土
the United States declared war
美國于1812年
on Great Britain in 1812.
對英國宣戰(zhàn)
Not all Americans supported the War of 1812.
并不是所有美國人都支持1812年戰(zhàn)爭
For one thing the merchants of New England
首先，新英格蘭和紐約的
and New York didn't want a war
商人們不希望打仗
with their best trading partners, the British.
因為英國是他們最好的貿(mào)易伙伴
There were also many people who believed that
還有許多人認為
the United States wasn't militarily prepared
美國在軍事力量上還不足以
to fight a war and they were right.
去和英國抗衡，他們是對的
The British on the other hand were ready to go.
而英國卻已經(jīng)蓄勢待發(fā)
British regular soldiers struck so hard at Washington
英國的士兵給予了
that President Madison was forced to flee
華盛頓沉重一擊
and the White House was burned.
麥迪遜總統(tǒng)不得不逃走，白宮也被燒毀
Many of the Indian tribes had sided with the British.
許多印第安部落與英國同仇敵愾
The Shawnee chief Tecumseh had even
蕭尼部落首領特庫姆塞
become a Brigadier General in the British Army.
甚至成為了英軍的準將
The United States tried to invade Canada
美國試圖入侵加拿大
but it only diverted scarce United States troops
但是僅僅起到了
from where they were needed in the United States.
把本來就不多的美國士兵分散的作用
But the makeshift United States navy
但是美國海軍的權宜之計
won amazing victories on the Great Lakes.
在五大湖上取得了奇跡般的勝利
And the Tennessean General Andrew Jackson
田納西的上將安德魯·杰克森
managed to beat both the Indians and the British
成功地擊敗了海灣沿岸的
up and down the Gulf Coast.
印第安和英國軍隊
The Treaty of Gent signed on Christmas Eve 1814
1814年平安夜簽訂的根特條約
ended the War of 1812
終止了1812年的戰(zhàn)爭
yet news was slow to reach New Orleans
但是這一消息還沒到達新奧爾良
where Andrew Jackson won his greatest battle
1815年1月，安德魯·杰克遜
in January 1815.
在那里打了一場最大的勝仗
He would be known forever more
他將永遠被尊為
as the hero of New Orleans.
新奧爾良的英雄
Neither side won.
英美沒有分出勝負
But the United States got more credit
但是美國占得便宜更多
because the United States had fought
因為美國已經(jīng)
the world's mightiest power to a draw.
與世界上最強大的勢力打成平手
Like it or not, America and American problems
不論你喜歡與否，美國和美國的問題
were now being taken very seriously in Europe.
如今在歐洲都受到了相當?shù)闹匾?/div>
We'll be back in one moment.
我們一會兒繼續(xù)
Segment 4c: The Monroe Doctrine.
4c章節(jié)，門羅主義
Fall of the Spanish Empire.
西班牙帝國的隕落
For most of the 18th century
西班牙在幾乎整個18世紀
Spain had been battered
都受到了英國
by the British, French and Dutch.
法國和荷蘭的欺凌
Stifled by bureaucracy and corruption,
全世界都充斥著
woefully over extended around the world,
官僚主義和腐敗
the Spanish couldn't put up much of a resistance
西班牙在拿破侖
when Napoleon made them
迫使他們交出路易斯安那州的時候
give back the Louisiana Territory.
毫無抵御之力
After that nationalist movements
那以后，民族主義運動
began to rise up in Central and South America
開始在中美和南美盛行
in direct imitation of the United States.
其實都是效仿美國
After the United States
在美國購買了
purchased the Louisiana Territory
路易斯安那州之后
the new boundaries with Spanish America
與西班牙的新界限
caused a series of Spanish-American border wars,
導致了一系列的美西邊界戰(zhàn)爭
many personally started by
很多都是因為未來的
the future hero of New Orleans, the Tennessean,
新奧爾良英雄，田納西人
Old Hickory, Andrew Jackson.
安德魯·杰克森引起的
Once more the United States
美國又一次開始尋找
was looking for more territory.
更加廣闊的領土
