評論
打印
Before the beginning of the 20th century
在20世紀初前
the US generally kept out of European affairs
美國無論何時何地都設法
where ever and whenever possible.
抽身于歐洲國家的事務之中
Others have argued the opposite way
還有人持相反觀點
that the Monroe Doctrine was in fact
認為門羅主義事實上是
an imperialist blank check
一張帝國主義者的空頭支票
allowing the United States government
允許美國政府
to intervene in the Americas
干預美洲事務
where ever and whenever it saw fit.
無論何時何地
This view is supported by countless examples of
這種觀點得到了各種例子的證實
red-handed American interference in Latin America.
美國在拉丁美洲造成了許多血戰
Examples of this interference include
干預的例子包括了
the Mexican War of 1846 to 1848,
1846到1848的墨西哥戰爭
the 1914 coup in Mexico,
1914年的墨西哥政變
the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba
1961年古巴的豬灣入侵事件
and the invasion of Grenada in 1983.
以及1983年的格林納達入侵事件
The United States was also known to
美國偶爾也
let European Powers stamp out
允許歐洲列強鎮壓
occasional revolutions in the Caribbean Islands.
加勒比海列島的革命
The one certain thing is that
有一點能夠確定的是
the US had publicly committed itself to
美國公開地奉行了
an official foreign policy if not exactly an alliance.
一項正式外交政策，如果不算是結盟的話
And that future presidents for the sake of the nation
未來的總統們為了這個國家
would be expected to
能夠照常發展，也將會
honor this foreign policy as well.
沿用這一外交政策
Segment 4d: Trails of Tears.
4d章節，血淚之路
As we have seen the United States
正如我們所看到的
was doing a good job of managing its expansion.
美國在擴張領土方面干得漂亮
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
1787年的西北法令
had allowed for the orderly assimilation
考慮到了讓新融入的領土
of new territory on an equal basis
跟原有的十三州
with the existing states.
享有平等權利
Most of the new territory added
大多數新的區域
came through diplomacy
都是通過外交手段得到的
as did the Louisiana Territory in 1803
1803年的路易斯安娜
and Florida in 1819.
和1819年的佛羅里達都是如此
The informal alliance with Great Britain
1823年的羅門主義
implied in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823
意味著美國與英國的非正式結盟
meant that the US would have a largely free hand
也就是說，美國在參與
in conducting external affairs.
國際事務的時候，能有一個幫手
Yet America's expansion brought
但是美國的擴張導致了
other internal problems.
其他的內部問題
The first and most dangerous
最重大也是最危險的
which concerned the expansion of human slavery
也就是奴隸制的問題
will be treated in lecture 5.
我們會在第五講中詳述
Smaller but no less shameful
雖然這個問題較小，但是卻罪惡深重
was a question of how the United States
關系到美國人應該
should treat the Native Americans.
如何對待美國印第安土著居民
The population of America
美國人口
exploded in the first half of the 19th century.
在19世紀上半葉激增
The population of the original colonies
原有殖民地的人口
continued to multiply rapidly.
也繼續快速增長
Immigrants from all over Europe poured into America
來自歐洲的移民涌入美國
lured by cheap fares across the sea
因為航海費用便宜
and poverty at home.
以及家鄉過于貧窮
Some of these new Americans were city dwellers
這些新來的美國人成為了城里人
looking for factory work.
急切地尋找工廠工作
But the majority were looking for farmland.
但是大部分人希望到農場工作
Officially there was plenty of land
實際上因為吸收了西北地區
for the taking in the Northwest Territory,
佛羅里達和路易斯安娜
Florida and/or Louisiana.
土地還是挺富裕的
But the Indians who had been living
但是那些已經居住在
in these lands for centuries
這些土地上許多年的印第安人
were not inclined to move out
并不希望因為
just because the white people wanted in.
白人的遷入而遷出
Even though the white settlers
盡管這些白人移民
were constantly pushing the Indians west
一直不斷地把印第安人逼往西邊
the US itself had no formal Indian policy.
但是美國當時還沒有正式的印第安人政策
Some Indians chose of their own free will
有些印第安人自愿選擇
to become fully Americanized
完全被美國化
and they were assimilated
他們融入了
in the quote/unquote melting pot.
美國這個"大熔爐"
Some Indians chose to migrate
有些印第安人選擇
far away from the white men
遠遠躲開這些白人
to places where they could live their tribal lives
遷移到他們可以繼續部落生活的地方
in what they hoped would be peace.
享受他們渴望的和平
