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According to the royal proclamation of 1763
根據(jù)1763年的這份皇室宣言
colonists were forbidden to settle in Florida or
殖民者被禁止移民到佛羅里達(dá)或者
any lands between the Allegany Mountains and
任何阿勒格尼山脈和密西西比河
the Mississippi River. Supposedly this was to
之間的地區(qū)，這個(gè)規(guī)定看似是為了
give the Indians a fair shot at making their own lives,
孤立印第安人，放任他們自生自滅
in practice it had to do with the British wanting
實(shí)際上卻是英國(guó)企圖奪回他們?cè)?/div>
to maintain control. But the colonies were growing
北美中部的控制權(quán)，但隨著這些殖民地
and thriving and so were their populations.
不斷發(fā)展壯大，其中的人口也在膨脹
The colonies needed more territory;
因此他們需要進(jìn)行土地?cái)U(kuò)張
this would become a common theme in
這也是后來(lái)美國(guó)歷史上很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)
American history. The royal proclamation of 1763
一個(gè)重要的發(fā)展主題，因此1763年的
was largely ignored because the British
皇家宣言基本上沒有得到任何重視
just couldn't afford to enforce it.
因?yàn)橛?guó)也無(wú)力將它付諸行動(dòng)
Taxation without representation; history teaches us
無(wú)代表納稅，歷史不斷告誡我們
that maintaining an empire is expensive.
維持一個(gè)帝國(guó)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的成本是高昂的
In the long run it's usually too expensive.
從長(zhǎng)期看來(lái)，他更是昂貴得過分
The British wanted their colonies to be
因此英國(guó)希望他們的殖民地能夠
self supporting and to pay for their own defense.
自給自足，完全對(duì)自己的防御機(jī)制買單
One result was a sugar act of 1764 which
其中一個(gè)措施就是1764年的《食糖法》
levied moderate taxes on imports of sugar.
它規(guī)定將對(duì)食糖的進(jìn)口收取一定關(guān)稅
To the colonists though it was the first instance
對(duì)殖民者來(lái)說(shuō)，這是通往無(wú)代表納稅的
of taxation without representation and
第一個(gè)事件，也是引發(fā)后來(lái)的
it was a first step toward revolution.
大革命的第一步
Another economy measure was Great Britain's
另一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)措施是英國(guó)于1765年
quartering act of 1765 which required
頒布的《駐軍法》 ，該法案要求
the colonists to provide professional British soldiers
殖民者為所有英國(guó)部隊(duì)提供免費(fèi)的
with free room and board. Worst was the stamp act
住宿和膳食，但最糟糕的還是1765年的
of 1765; this forced the purchase of revenue stamps
《印花稅法》 ；它強(qiáng)制要求殖民地境內(nèi)
to be placed on all types of publications and
所有的出版物和法律文件都要加蓋
legal documents. Joining various secret organizations
印花稅票，忍無(wú)可忍的殖民地居民紛紛加入
like the sons of Liberty, colonials broke in to
以自由之子為代表的各種秘密組織并且
customs houses and destroyed all the hated stamps
突襲了海關(guān)，銷毀了所有他們能找到的
they could find. A stamp act congress attended
罪惡的印花，同年夏天國(guó)會(huì)通過表決
that summer by representatives from 9 colonies
來(lái)自9個(gè)殖民地的代表一致宣布
declared the stamp act and other stamp like
該《印花稅法》和其他類似法案都是
activities unconstitutional. The British did indeed
違反憲法的，后來(lái)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)
back off for a while and then they turned up
英國(guó)的確開始有所收斂，但1767年
the pressure in 1767, the Townsend Act placed
他們又卷土重來(lái)，頒布了《湯森法案》
duties on many British goods imported by colonists.
對(duì)殖民地居民從英國(guó)進(jìn)口的很多商品征稅
The colonists were not impressed by British
但殖民地居民完全不為所動(dòng)
excuses for hitting them in the wallet.
他們不能容忍英國(guó)人這樣壓榨他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)
England had enjoyed parliamentary democracy
英格蘭在此之前5個(gè)世紀(jì)都享有著
for 5 centuries by this point but Englishmen
議會(huì)制民主的好處，但那些生活在
that happened to live in the Americas were
美洲的英國(guó)人此刻卻不得不成為
getting the shaft. If the colonials were to be
受到不公正的待遇，美洲移民認(rèn)為
taxed like Englishmen they wanted to be
如果他們要向英國(guó)人那樣上稅
represented like Englishmen by sending
那他們也應(yīng)當(dāng)有自己的代表
their own members to the House of Commons
他們當(dāng)中也應(yīng)該有人在倫敦的下議院
in London. The British argued that
占有席位，英國(guó)人對(duì)此反駁說(shuō)
the House of Commons and parliament as a whole
下議院和議會(huì)作為一個(gè)整體能夠
represented the British homeland and
無(wú)差別地代表英國(guó)本土和他們的
the colonies alike. The declaratory act of 1766
殖民地 1766年的《宣誓法案》
stated that parliament represented the entire
也公開表明了議會(huì)有權(quán)代表整個(gè)
British world, the American colonists again
大英帝國(guó)，但美洲殖民者又一次
disagreed. To enforce the Townsend Act
提出了異議，為了施行《湯森法案》
Britain next stationed 2 regiments of
英國(guó)又派出了兩個(gè)團(tuán)的長(zhǎng)駐軍
regular soldiers in Boston. On March 5th, 1770
駐扎在波士頓 1770年3月5日
a simple snowball fight ended with the deaths
一場(chǎng)雪仗最終演化成了一場(chǎng)導(dǎo)致
of 3 people in the so called Boston Massacre.
3人死亡的所謂波士頓慘案
In 1773 Britain granted the East India company
1773年英國(guó)又賦予了東印度公司
a monopoly on tea sales to North America,
在北美洲壟斷茶葉銷售的權(quán)力
this cut colonial businessmen out of
這相當(dāng)于阻斷了移民商人在
the most lucrative trade in the British Empire;
大英帝國(guó)最賺錢的領(lǐng)域的生意
opium hadn't been discovered yet.
因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候鴉片還沒有問世
The colonial business community was thus
因此殖民地的商業(yè)組織紛紛
driven solidly into the camp of wild eyed
堅(jiān)定不移地投奔向自由之子
revolutionaries like the Sons of Liberty and
這樣的革命分子陣營(yíng)，或者是
radicals like Samuel Adams. On December 16th,
塞繆爾亞當(dāng)斯這樣的激進(jìn)分子 1773年
1773 Adams and his cohorts turned
12月16日，亞當(dāng)斯和他的同盟
Boston harbor into one big tea pot.
向波士頓港傾倒了一大桶茶葉
