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The French and Indian war, 1754 to 1763,
1754年到1763年間的法印戰爭
is thought of in Europe as part of the massive
在歐洲一直被稱為7年戰爭
7 years war, that doesn't concern us here.
但在這里這并不是我們的關注點
To the British colonists it was a grim struggle
對英國殖民者來說，這只是一場與
against the French Army and its Indian allies.
法軍和他們的印第安盟軍之間的惡戰
In 1752 the French wanted to drive the British
1752年，法軍企圖在不發動戰爭的
out of the Ohio River valley without a war
情況下把英國人從俄亥俄河谷中
if possible. They hoped that building 2 French forts
驅逐出去，他們認為在那里建起兩座
at strategic locations would scare the British out.
法屬堡壘要塞就會嚇跑當地的英國人
In response the governor of Virginia which
作為回應，當時坐擁俄亥俄地區的
claimed much of the Ohio territory sent
弗吉尼亞州長只是派遣了一位
a young Colonel, George Washington,
年輕的上校，喬治華盛頓去給法方
with a letter requesting that the French remove
送信要求法軍撤離他們的堡壘要塞
their forts. When the French refused Washington
在法方拒絕之后，華盛頓立即著手在那里
started building a fort himself, Fort Prince George,
建立了一個名為喬治王子堡壘的要塞
it is on the site of the modern day Pittsburg,
也就是現在賓夕法尼亞州的
Pennsylvania. But before Washington could
匹茲堡所在，但是在華盛頓完全建好
finish building his fort the French took it,
該堡壘之前，法軍就已經將其占領
finished it, and named it Fort Ducane.
完成并命名為杜肯堡
In 1754 the British sent an expeditionary force
1754年英國人曾經指派過一支征軍
to take Fort Ducane back. Washington was 2nd
想要奪回杜肯堡，而華盛頓當時作為殖民地居民
in command as he was a mere colonial.
只是在行動中擔任了二等指揮官
Washington's part of the force skirmished
華盛頓的軍力在中部平原
with the French near Great Meadows,
賓西法尼亞附近與法國軍隊交火
Pennsylvania and on July 4th, 1754 they were forced
1754年7月4日他們被迫投降
to surrender. The French and Indian war had begun.
而后法印戰爭打響
The French had large forces of well trained
法國派出了大量訓練有素的
regular soldiers scattered throughout their
常規作戰部隊，分散在美洲新世界的
New World territories. Since the English could
各個地區，而英國由于只派出了
spare only a few regular troops the colonists
很少的常規部隊，因此殖民地居民
wound up doing more than their share of
就不得不投入更多的力量來
the fighting. On February 10th, 1763 the 7 years war
抵抗法軍 1763年2月10日
was ended by the treaty of Paris.
《巴黎條約》標志著七年戰爭的結束
In the New World France gave up all of Canada
法國將其在美洲大陸加拿大境內的
to the British and they gave up the Louisiana
所有殖民地都讓給了英國，并把路易斯安那
territory to Spain. The British also got Florida
讓給了西班牙，同時英國還從西班牙那里
from the Spanish. Great Britain won the war
得到了佛羅里達，也就是說英國贏下了戰爭
hands down but the colonists had nothing
但是殖民地居民卻沒有得到與他們
to show for the important role they played.
戰時的付出成比例的回報
Instead they got more British troops shipped in
相反，英國反而派出了更多的部隊
in order to quote unquote 'protect them'
來"保護"他們不受印第安人的
from the nasty Indians. To help pay for this
攻擊，為了給這種不必要的安保出兵
unwanted security the British raises taxes
籌措資金，英國還提高了殖民地居民的
upon the colonists. The colonists had lived in
納稅比率，因此盡管這些殖民者來自
13 separate colonies but the anger against
13個不同的殖民州，但是對英國
the British for raising taxes started to build
加稅的憤怒卻在這些州之間建立起了
a common continental or colonial or American
一種相同的大陸共識，或是殖民美國共識
point of view. In 50 years time the French and
在此之后50年，過去常年開戰的
English settlers of the Ohio River valley
俄亥俄河谷英國移民和
who had been fighting each other in the war
法國移民都擁有了一個新的值得
would all be Americans and proud of it.
他們驕傲的身份，那就是美國人
The British would be all gone.
而英國人則會成為過去時
Segment 3C; revolution in the air
第3C章，一觸即發的革命講到
when the French and Indian war ended in 1763
當1763年法印戰爭結束之后
the big winner was Great Britain.
實際上最大的贏家應該是英國
The French had been kicked entirely out of
法國的殖民統治從此就在整個
North America and the Spanish were pushed
北美大陸都消失了，而西班牙也
back behind the Mississippi River but now
被迫退到了密西西比河岸，但英國在
Britain had problems with their own colonists.
自己的殖民地中也面臨著不少問題
The colonists had done more than their share
移民者在法印戰爭中付出了
of the fighting in the French and Indian war
超額的努力抗擊敵軍
and they felt that they had earned more of
他們認為這樣能夠幫助他們在政府中
a say in their government. They didn't appreciate
贏得更多的權威和聲音，因此他們對
the extra taxes. Several of these colonies
額外的稅賦很不滿，其中有幾個殖民地
claimed territory all the way through
坐擁的土地此時已經延伸到了
to the Mississippi River. They wanted
密西西比河沿岸，而他們希望能夠
these claims recognized. The British, however,
他們對這些領土的掌控能夠得到認可
didn't want their colonists doing any freelance
但英國當然不愿意被他們的殖民者
colonizing. In 1763 the British gave out
這樣自由地殖民，因此1763年英國
a royal proclamation which tried to retain control
發表了一份皇室宣言，企圖奪回他們
over the interior of North America.
在北美中部的掌控權
