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They believed that residents in the New World
他們認定新世界的移民已經(jīng)
had removed them from the command of
擺脫了來自大英帝國和其他
Great Britain and of all European powers.
歐洲國家的控制
With this in mind the pilgrims drafted
帶著這樣的想法，這些清教徒
the Mayflower compact, a formal agreement
選舉的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者簽訂了《五月花號公約》
to abide by just and equal laws,
這份公約正式規(guī)定了人們需要
drafted by elected leaders. Such a thing would
服從依法公平的治理，這種事情在
never had happened in the thinly settled French or
法屬和西班牙屬殖民地是絕對不會發(fā)生的
Spanish territories where the King's rule was law.
因為在這些地方，國王的統(tǒng)治就是法律
However because they were British,
但是因為這些清教徒都是英國人
because the British had a tradition of
而英國人的傳統(tǒng)政府是一種
parliamentary democracy, the Mayflower compact
議會制的民主形式，這也就解釋了
made sense. In December the Mayflower reached
《五月花號公約》的簽訂，同年12月
Plymouth Rock and the pilgrims began building
五月花號登上普利茅斯石，并定居于此
their settlement. That winter nearly half the colonists
開始了他們的殖民生涯，那個冬天大約半數(shù)的
died of exposure and disease. Neighboring Indians
殖民者都死于嚴寒和疾病，幸好居住在附近
such as the famous Squanto saved the pilgrims
以Squanto為代表的印第安人教了他們
by showing them how to raise corn.
如何種植玉米，這些清教徒才得以生存
The Indians would eventually come
但事實證明，印第安人應(yīng)該為
to regret their good deed.
他們的善良感到后悔
In 1630 more immigrants arrived on Massachusetts Bay,
1630年，更多的移民者踏上了馬薩諸塞灣
they had a grant from King Charles the 1st
他們從查爾斯1世那里得到了在此
to establish a colony. Their leader, John Winthrop,
建立殖民地的許可，他們的首領(lǐng)約翰溫斯洛普
openly set out to create a quote unquote
公開表明要在馬薩諸塞州建立一座
'city upon a hill', in effect a place where puritans
"山巔之城"在這里清教徒能夠
could live in accordance with their religious beliefs.
遵循自己的信仰而活
Because they had their own charter from
因為他們有來自英國王的特許
the King they believed authority over their colony
因此他們相信對這片殖民地的統(tǒng)治權(quán)
was not in Great Britain but in Massachusetts itself.
不屬于大不列顛，而屬于馬薩諸塞
This in turn provoked some new ideas about
這在后來也激發(fā)了一些關(guān)于
self government. The charter granted all power
自治政府的創(chuàng)想，英國王特許常設(shè)法院
in this colony to the general court which was
在該殖民地進行全權(quán)統(tǒng)治
made up of men belonging to the puritan church.
而常設(shè)法院成員全部隸屬于清教教堂
This guaranteed the Puritans would dominate
這也就意味著清教徒能夠全權(quán)統(tǒng)治
the colony, not only in religious matters
該殖民地，不僅僅是在宗教問題上
but politically. Most of New England was run
也包括政府事務(wù)，而新英格蘭大部地區(qū)
along the same lines as Massachusetts
跟馬薩諸塞州都遵照相同的治理
although the theocracy, that is to say government,
盡管在新英格蘭政府統(tǒng)治中
subjects to religious beliefs was not quite
神權(quán)統(tǒng)治的影子不像
as pronounced as it was in Massachusetts.
在馬薩諸塞州那么明顯
The Puritans theocratic tendencies weren't
當(dāng)然清教徒的神權(quán)統(tǒng)治也并不為
for everyone though. Free thinking types rebelled.
所有人所接受，自由的思想仍會反叛
In 1636 Roger Williams bought land from
1636年，羅格威廉姆斯從印第安人
the Indians on what is now the site of Providence,
手中買下了一片土地，即現(xiàn)在的羅得島
Rhode Island. There he set up the first
普羅維登斯，在那里他主張實行
American colony to practice open and
教會與政府的全分離統(tǒng)治
total separation of church and state and
這也是全美第一個實現(xiàn)該模式
the first to offer complete freedom of religion.
并且完全容許宗教自由的殖民地
A fellow dissident preacher, Anne Hutchinson,
安哈金斯作為一個異教傳教者
took advantage of this haven although she was
正是在此利用該政策進行了傳教
later killed by Indians in New York.
盡管她后來在紐約被印第安人所殺
Freedom of religious worship was also
宗教信仰自由在中部沿海殖民地
a main concern in the central seaboard colonies
也是當(dāng)時主要的一個話題
of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware.
比如在賓夕法尼亞，馬里蘭和特拉華
There even publicly scorned denominations
在那里，即便是臭名昭著的宗教崇拜
such as Quakers and Roman Catholics were
比如桂格教徒和羅馬天主教徒
made to feel welcome as were Jews from
以及其他來自歐洲各地的猶太教徒
all round Europe. Indeed the colonies on the central
都是被歡迎的，的確當(dāng)時在太平洋中部
Atlantic Coast became considered the most
沿岸的殖民地一向被認為是非常
cosmopolitan, wedged in as they were between
開放和開明的，尤其是夾在新英格蘭
the diligent and devout small farming puritans
那些勤懇虔誠的小農(nóng)清教徒文化
of New England and the plantation culture of
和南方殖民地那種大農(nóng)場殖民文化之間
the southern colonies. The cities of Philadelphia
這個特質(zhì)更加明顯，其中費城和紐約
and New York, formerly New Amsterdam,
也就是前新阿姆斯特丹
took their places alongside Boston
與波士頓一道成為了這些殖民地中
as the colonies leading cities.
發(fā)展最快的城市
