評論
打印
Wow-dow! she cried, clapping her hands delightedly.
哇!她叫了起來，高興地拍著手。
I winced, but went bravely on. First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto Slmpliciter.
我打了個寒噤，但還是鼓足勇氣講下去：首先我們來考究一下被稱為絕對判斷的謬誤。
By all means, she urged, batting her lashes eagerly.
好呀!她眨了眨眼，催促著。
Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualifiedgeneralization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.
絕對判斷指的是根據(jù)一種無條件的前提推出的論斷。譬如說，運動是有益的，因此人人都要運動。
I agree, said Polly earnestly. 1 mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.
不錯，波利認真地說，運動是非常有益的，它能增強體質，好處太多了!
Polly, I said gently, the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad,not good.
波利，我溫和地說，這種論點是謬誤。運動有益是一種無條件的前提。比方說，假設你得了心臟病，運動不但無益，反而有害，
Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization.
有不少人醫(yī)生就不準他們運動。你必須給這種前提加以限制。
You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simplioiter. Do you see?
你應該說，一般來說運動是有益的。或者說，對大多數(shù)人是有益的。否則就是犯了絕對判斷的錯誤，懂嗎?
No, she confessed. But this is marvy. Do more! Do morel.
不懂，她坦率地說。這可太有意思了，講吧!往下講吧!
It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve, I told her, and when she desisted, I continued: Next we take up a fallacy called Hasty Generalization.
你最好別拉我袖子了，我對她說。等她松了手，我繼續(xù)講：下面我們講一種被稱為草率結論的謬誤。
Listen carefully: You can't speak French. I can't speak French. Petey Burch can't speak French.
你仔細聽：你不會講法語，我不會講法語，皮蒂也不會講法語。
I must therefore conclude that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French.
因此我就會斷定在明尼蘇達大學誰也不會講法語。
