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Coffee is a brewed drink.
咖啡是一種煮制的飲料
It is prepared from roasted seeds of the coffee plant.
它是由烤過的咖啡樹種子制的
The plant itself is like a shrub or small tree.
這種植物像灌木或者小樹
The coffee beans are inside a red or purple fruit.
咖啡豆長在一種紅色或紫色的果實中
Coffee is often known for its high caffeine content.
咖啡因其高咖啡因含量而聞名
Coffee is grown all over the world.
世界各地均有種植咖啡
Some larger producers are Hawaii, Indonesia,
一些較大的產(chǎn)地有夏威夷，印度尼西亞
Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala,
哥倫比亞，墨西哥，危地馬拉
Kenya, Puerto Rico and Brazil.
肯尼亞，波多黎各和巴西
One important thing to note is that
很重要的一點我們需要注意的是
coffee can be broken into two distinct categories;
咖啡可以劃分為兩個品種
Arabica and Robusta.
阿拉比卡和羅布斯塔
Arabica coffee comes from
阿拉比卡咖啡產(chǎn)自
high altitudes and is of high quality.
高海拔地區(qū)，品質(zhì)較高
This type of coffee would be found
巴西和哥倫比亞的種植的
in Brazil and Colombia.
就是這種咖啡
Robusta is from lower altitudes and has a hearty taste.
羅布斯塔產(chǎn)自低海拔地區(qū)，口味濃厚
This would be found in Kenya.
肯尼亞種植的是這種咖啡
In general coffee consumption has been found
通常飲用咖啡對于
to provide a weak protective effect
多種癌癥有微弱的
against a variety of cancers.
預(yù)防作用
Coffee is comprised of
咖啡含有
a wide variety of chemical compounds
很多種化學(xué)成分
which give it the range of aromas
這些化學(xué)成分使它有很多種
and tastes that consumers enjoy.
飲用者喜愛的香氣和口味
It is likely that some of these compounds
很可能是這其中一些成分
contribute to the health benefits of coffee.
令咖啡對健康有益
Coffee contains two specific diterpenes;
咖啡含有兩種特殊的二萜類物質(zhì)
cafestol and kahweol which are unique to the coffee bean
咖啡油醇和咖啡豆醇，它們是咖啡豆獨有的
Diterpenes belong to
二萜是
a large and varied class of hydrocarbons.
數(shù)量眾多種類紛繁的碳?xì)浠衔镏械囊活?/div>
It has been proposed that
有人認(rèn)為
compounds in coffee such as these may contribute to
咖啡中的這些成分可能
the anti-carcinogenic effect of coffee.
令其具有抗癌效果
Coffee, like tea, also contains polyphenols.
像茶一樣，咖啡也含有多酚
Lignins and flavonoids are found in coffee
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)咖啡中有木質(zhì)素和類黃酮
and both are known to have anti-carcinogenic properties.
這兩種物質(zhì)都具有抗癌特性
Another component of coffee is chlorogenic acid.
咖啡的另一個成分是綠原酸
Chlorogenic acid may be associated with moderating
綠原酸可能與
the rate of glucose release into the blood stream
減緩葡萄糖向血液的釋放速率
after a meal and increasing insulin sensitivity.
及提高胰島素敏感性有關(guān)
Both of these effects would
這兩種作用都
be beneficial in protecting from diabetes.
有利于預(yù)防糖尿病
Chlorogenic acid also has antioxidant effects
綠原酸也具有
which may reduce cancer risk.
可能降低癌癥患病幾率的抗氧化作用
In a recent review by the science
縱觀近期科學(xué)界
associated with coffee consumption and cancer risk
對于咖啡攝入量和患癌幾率的一系列研究
it was found that
發(fā)現(xiàn)
drinking more than 3 cups of coffee per day
每天喝三杯以上咖啡
was associated with a slight increase
會使某種特定形式的
in a specific form of gastric cancer
胃癌發(fā)病率輕微上升
but not with other forms of gastric cancer.
但不會影響其他形式的胃癌
Cancers of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus
咽，喉及食道的癌癥發(fā)病幾率
were not affected by consumption of coffee.
不受咖啡攝入的影響
To investigate the relationship
為了研究
between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer
飲用咖啡和直腸癌間的關(guān)系
a team of researchers from Harvard Medical School
一組哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究者們比較了兩組數(shù)據(jù)
compared data from the nurse's health study
其中一組數(shù)據(jù)來自
which was comprised of women
女性護士健康調(diào)查
and the health professional's study
另一組來自男性
which was comprised of men.
專業(yè)保健人士的研究
