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Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system.
咖啡因刺激中樞神經系統
It makes you more alert and boosts energy.
它使你注意力集中，激發能量
For these reasons it is used in man over the counter
因此，它像伊克賽錠止頭痛藥一樣
pain relievers such as Excedrin Migraine.
被用作非處方鎮痛藥物
How much caffeine is considered safe to consume?
攝入多少咖啡因是安全的呢?
There are no standards for caffeine consumption
沒有明確的標準
however a range of 500 to 600 mg per day
但是每天攝入500到600毫克
is considered to be safe.
被認為是安全的
This would be around 4 to 7 cups of strong coffee,
這個量相當于喝4到7杯濃咖啡
three to four grande Starbucks vanilla lattes,
3到4大杯星巴克香草拿鐵
9 to 11 cans of Mountain Dew
9到11罐激浪
or 6 to 8 small cans of Red Bull.
或者6到8小罐紅牛
Very high caffeine consumption
攝入過多咖啡因
has serious impacts on health including
對健康有嚴重影響
restlessness, anxiety, irritability and headache.
這包括煩躁不安，焦慮，易怒，及頭痛
Some people may be very sensitive to caffeine intake
一些人可能對咖啡因攝入很敏感
and need to limit their consumption
需要限制咖啡因攝入量
to avoid feeling jittery or anxious.
以避免緊張不安或焦慮
It is also possible to develop a sort of tolerance
不過也可能產生一種對咖啡因的耐受性
or dependency on caffeine.
或依賴性
And sudden reduction in intake
咖啡因攝入量的驟減
may cause headaches or withdrawal like symptoms.
可能導致頭痛或類似藥物戒斷的癥狀
These are typically mild and short lived
這些癥狀通常較輕微，并且短暫
as the body adapts to a lower caffeine intake.
隨著身體調整適應了更低的咖啡因攝入量
There are many factors that affect
有許多因素影響著
the amount of caffeine each individual can consume
每個人的最大咖啡因攝入量
before facing the negative side effects.
超過這個量，就會對身體產生副作用
Caffeine sensitivity is different depending on
對于咖啡因的敏感性會
body mass, age, smoking habits,
因體重，年齡，吸煙習慣
drug or hormone use and stress.
服用藥物或荷爾蒙的攝，和壓力的不同而不同
Individuals should monitor their caffeine intake
每個人應該留心自己的咖啡因攝入量
and adjust the amount to find a good balance.
并且加以調整以達到一個好的平衡狀態
Several studies have examined the association
人們對于
between the consumption of
飲用
carbonated soft drinks containing caffeine
含咖啡因碳酸軟飲料
and cancer risk.
和癌癥患病幾率之間的聯系做了幾項研究
The Harvard research team mentioned earlier
之前提到的哈佛研究小組
also examined the effects of soft drinks
也研究了碳酸飲料
on upper gastrointestinal cancers
對上消化道癌癥的影響
and found no increased or decreased risks
發現每天一罐或者更多的碳酸飲料對對增加或降低
of cancer of the mouth, pharynx,
口腔，咽
larynx, esophagus or stomach
喉，食道或胃部的癌癥發病率
with consumption of 1 or more cans per day.
沒有影響
Because many of the soft drinks
由于美國很多碳酸飲料
consumed in the US contain sugars
含糖
there is potentially an increased risk
也會潛在地增加
associated with cancers of the breast and colon
一些喝這些飲料的人
in persons consuming these beverages
患乳腺癌和結腸癌的幾率
due to increased body fatness. However,
因為(糖)容易導致身體肥胖，但是
when examined separately from body fatness
當把碳酸飲料的影響與肥胖的影響
consumption of soft drinks
分開研究時
does not appear to increase the risk of cancer.
碳酸飲料并沒有增加患癌癥的幾率
Coffee, tea and other caffeinated beverages
咖啡，茶，及其他含咖啡因的飲品
do not appear to increase
看起來不會增加
the risk of any forms of cancer
任何癌癥的患病幾率
and in fact may provide
而實際上可能
a protective effect on some forms of cancer.
對某些癌癥有抵抗預防作用
Caffeine containing beverages, coffees and teas,
含咖啡因的飲料，咖啡，茶
are widespread in the marketplace.
在市場上到處都是
Children and teens are increasingly
兒童和青少年在越來越多地飲用這些產品
consuming these products at younger ages.
而且(開始飲用的)年紀越來越小
These products may contain high amounts of sugar
這些產品的糖含量可能很高
and low amounts of the beneficial compounds
而在咖啡或茶葉中發現的有益成分
found in coffee or tea.
含量卻很少
It is always wise to read labels carefully
人們需要仔細閱讀標簽
and to monitor sugar and caffeine consumption
控制糖和咖啡因的攝入量，長期這樣做是很明智的
especially in children.
尤其是對兒童來說
The impact of lifelong exposure to caffeine
至今還沒有對終身攝入咖啡因的影響
has not been assessed.
進行評估
However caffeine has been consumed
然而自古以來人類
by humans throughout history.
就攝入咖啡因
Further research will be needed
我們需要進一步的研究
to more fully understand the many compounds
去更全面地了解
found in coffee and tea
咖啡和茶里發現的許多成分
and to identify their role in the cancer process.
并確認它們在癌癥發展過程中的作用
Coffee and tea are clearly safe and enjoyable beverages
咖啡和茶顯然是安全又好喝的飲料
that can be part of a healthy lifestyle.
可以成為健康生活方式的一部分
