評(píng)論
打印
Notice that we can shorten "had to"" 'd"
請注意 "had"可縮寫為"'d"
and "had not to" "hadn't"
"had not"可縮寫為"hadn't"
It is easy to get confused between
人們很容易混淆
the present perfect and the past perfect
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
Remember
那么請記住
the present perfect always relates
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止
a past action to the present
已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
The past perfect relates a past action
而過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間之前
to one further in the past
已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
The next dialogue will help make this clear
下一個(gè)對話可幫助大家弄清楚這點(diǎn)
Read along with the subtitles
請跟讀一下字幕
Excuse me, waiter
服務(wù)員，請過來一下
Yes?
請問什么事？
I'd ordered soup and this is a sock
我點(diǎn)的是湯，怎么給我上的是襪子？
We'd run out of soup, sorry
對不起，我們已經(jīng)沒有湯了
How can you run out?
你們怎么能沒有了呢？
I'm sorry. Our chef Ruben had eaten it all
實(shí)在對不起，我們的廚師魯本把湯喝光了
Well, would he like to eat this sock?
好吧，請問他想吃這只襪子嗎？
Oh I doubt it. That is his sock
我估計(jì)他吃不下，這是他的襪子
And had Ruben thought about
那魯本想過沒有，你給我這只襪子之后
what I would do when you gave me this?
我會(huì)做些什么？
Yes, he said to say that if you like his sock
當(dāng)然，他說如果你喜歡他的襪子的話
then you could have his underwear for dessert
那你就可以把他的內(nèi)衣當(dāng)作餐后甜點(diǎn)
Bon appétit
祝你有個(gè)好胃口
Did that help you see the difference
通過上面的對話
between past perfect and present perfect?
你們能區(qū)分過去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了嗎？
Which is it that relates a past action
在過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生
to one further in the past?
或完成的動(dòng)作指的是什么？
That's right, the past perfect
對，是過去完成時(shí)
Here's the dialogue so you can check
通過這個(gè)對話你們可以對所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行檢查
Excuse me, waiter
服務(wù)員，請過來一下
Yes?
請問什么事？
I'd ordered soup and this is a sock
我點(diǎn)的是湯，怎么給我上的是襪子？
We'd run out of soup, sorry
對不起，我們已經(jīng)沒有湯了
How can you run out?
你們怎么能沒有了呢？
I'm sorry. Our chef Ruben had eaten it all
實(shí)在對不起，我們的廚師魯本把湯喝光了
Well, would he like to eat this sock?
好吧，請問他想吃這只襪子嗎？
Oh I doubt it. That is his sock
我估計(jì)他吃不下，這是他的襪子
And had Ruben thought about
那魯本想過沒有，你給我這只襪子之后
what I would do when you gave me this?
我會(huì)做些什么？
Yes, he said to say that if you like his sock
當(dāng)然，他說如果你喜歡他的襪子的話
then you could have his underwear for dessert
那你就可以把他的內(nèi)衣當(dāng)作餐后甜點(diǎn)
Bon appétit
祝你有個(gè)好胃口
Now it's time for a complete change
現(xiàn)在，我們來學(xué)習(xí)另一個(gè)完全不同的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Let's have a think about reported speech
我們討論一下間接引語
When we repeat what someone had said in the past
我們重復(fù)某人在過去某一時(shí)刻說過的話時(shí)
we use reported speech
就會(huì)用到轉(zhuǎn)述性引語
If Anna says "I must save the tree"
如果安娜說"我必須救活這棵樹"
And we record her words just as she had said them here
當(dāng)我們在她說了這句話之后進(jìn)行記錄時(shí)
then we are using her exact words as she said them
我們將原封不動(dòng)地將她的話記錄下來
This is known as direct speech
這就是所謂的直接引語
But, if we change to reported speech, we use the past form
但是，用轉(zhuǎn)述性引語表示時(shí)
to record what she had said
我們就會(huì)用過去時(shí)記錄她說過的話
Anna said that she must save the tree
例如，安娜說她必須救活這棵樹
Notice that we do not use speech marks in reported speech
請注意，在轉(zhuǎn)述性引語中我們并沒有用引號(hào)
to report what Anna had said in the past
來表示安娜過去所說過的話
This is also known as indirect speech
這種形式也可稱為間接引語
Read along with the subtitles in the next dialogue
請跟讀下面對話中的字幕
and decide which kinds of speech are used
并判斷一下其中使用的是哪種引語
Did you hear what sir Roderick was saying about
杰弗里，你知道前幾天晚上
your mother the other night, Jeffery?
羅德里克先生是怎么說你母親的嗎？
No, I didn't Timothy. What did he say about her?
不，蒂莫西，我不知道他說了她什么
Well, Jeffery, he said that
哦，杰弗里，他說
your mother was nature's excuse for
只要有你母親在場
people to lose their eyesight
所有人都會(huì)失去自己的判斷力
That's not very nice, is it Timothy?
他這樣說太不好了，是吧，蒂莫西？
I know that my mother wasn't blessed with good looks or hair
我知道上帝沒有賜予我母親美麗的面孔或頭發(fā)
but how could he speak about one of my family members like that?
但他怎么能那么說我的家人呢？
He also said, Jeffery, that
杰弗里，他還說
she is the most frustrating person to be around
她是周圍最讓人感到挫敗的人
and that it makes him wish that she had no lips
所以他希望她沒有雙唇
so that she couldn't talk so much
這樣的話，她就不能信口雌黃了
I believe that a course of action is
我覺得應(yīng)該教訓(xùn)羅德里克先生一頓
in order to teach Sir Roderick some manners
好讓他知道什么叫禮貌
