評論
打印
I believe that there are new, hidden tensions
我相信，有新的，隱藏的緊張關系
that are actually happening between people and institutions --
發生在人們與制度之間，
institutions that are the institutions that people
在人們日常生活中
inhabit in their daily life:
的制度如：
schools, hospitals, workplaces,
學校、醫院、工作場所、
factories, offices, etc.
工廠、辦公室等等。
And something that I see happening
我看到的這些關系
is something that I would like to call
是被我稱之為的
a sort of "democratization of intimacy."
一種“民主化的親密關系?！?/div>
And what do I mean by that?
這是什么意思呢？
I mean that what people are doing
事實上，我指的是人們正在做的
is, in fact, they are sort of, with their communication channels,
就是在他們所處的溝通渠道中，
they are breaking an imposed isolation
他們試圖打破一種強加的孤立，
that these institutions are imposing on them.
一種由于這些制度對他們所強加的孤立。
How are they doing this? They're doing it
人們怎樣才能做到這點？他們正用
in a very simple way, by calling their mom from work,
非常簡單的方法來做到，例如工作時給媽媽打電話，
by IMing from their office to their friends,
從辦公室給朋友們發即時通訊，
by texting under the desk.
在桌子下發短信。
The pictures that you're seeing behind me
你看到我身后的這些照片
are people that I visited in the last few months.
是我過去幾個月采訪的人們。
And I asked them to come along with the person they communicate with most.
我請求他們帶來他們聯系最多，最親密的人。
And somebody brought a boyfriend, somebody a father.
有人帶來她的男朋友，有人帶來父親。
One young woman brought her grandfather.
一位年輕女人帶來她的爺爺。
For 20 years, I've been looking at how people use
20年來，我一直在研究人們如何使用
channels such as email, the mobile phone, texting, etc.
如電子郵件、移動電話和短信等的通信渠道。
What we're actually going to see is that, fundamentally,
從根本上，我們實際上要看到的是，
people are communicating on a regular basis
人們與他們最親密領域里的
with five, six, seven of their most intimate sphere.
五，六，七個人定期交流聯系。
Now, lets take some data. Facebook.
現在例如一些有關Facebook的數據。
Recently some sociologists from Facebook --
最近一些社會學家從Facebook，
Facebook is the channel that you would expect
Facebook是人們所期望的
is the most enlargening of all channels.
所有社交網絡中最龐大的一個。
And an average user,
一位Facebook的普通用戶，
said Cameron Marlow,
卡梅倫馬洛Cameron Marlow說，
from Facebook, has about 120 friends.
他大約有120個朋友。
But he actually talks to,
但是根據他的性別，他實際上
has two-way exchanges with, about four to six people
只與大約4至6人
on a regular base, depending on his gender.
定期雙向交流。
Academic research on instant messaging
在即時通訊學術研究
also shows 100 people on buddy lists,
也顯示好友名單上的100個人，
but fundamentally people chat with two, three, four --
但基本上人們只和二個，三個，四個人相互交流，
anyway, less than five.
無論如何，不會超過5個人。
My own research on cellphones and voice calls
而由我做的關于手機和語音呼叫研究中
shows that 80 percent of the calls
表明百分之八十的來電
are actually made to four people. 80 percent.
實際上是和4個人對話。百分之八十。
And when you go to Skype, it's down to two people.
當你上Skype，就只和兩個人聊天。
A lot of sociologists actually are quite disappointed.
很多的社會學家的確對此很失望。
I mean, I've been a bit disappointed sometimes
我的意思是，當我看到這數據和這一切只是和5個人交流
when I saw this data and all this deployment, just for five people.
我也感到失望。
And some sociologists actually feel that
而一些社會學家實際上認為，
it's a closure, it's a cocooning,
這就是一個封閉的區間，這就是一個繭，
that we're disengaging from the public.
以致于我們正與公眾脫離開。
And I would actually, I would like to show you that
而我實際上，我想展示給你們的是，
if we actually look at who is doing it,
如果我們實際看看誰在通信，
and from where they're doing it,
他們在哪里交流著，
actually there is an incredible social transformation.
這事實上是一個令人難以置信的社會轉變。
There are three stories that I think are quite good examples.
這有三個故事，我認為它們是相當不錯的例子。
The first gentleman, he's a baker.
第一位紳士，他是一位面包師。
And so he starts working every morning at four o'clock in the morning.
他每天在早上四點開始工作。
And around eight o'clock he sort of sneaks away from his oven,
大概早上8點左右他就偷偷離開他的烤箱，
cleans his hands from the flour
清洗他和面團的雙手，
and calls his wife.
并打電話給他的妻子。
He just wants to wish her a good day, because that's the start of her day.
因為這是她新的一天，他只是想祝福她有美好的一天。
And I've heard this story a number of times.
而且我聽說過這種故事很多次。
A young factory worker who works night shifts,
一位年輕的夜班工人
who manages to sneak away from the factory floor,
從工廠車間要偷偷離開一下，
where there is CCTV by the way,
順便說一下，那有閉路電視，
and find a corner, where at 11 o'clock at night
他找到一個拐角，在夜里11點鐘，
he can call his girlfriend and just say goodnight.
他給女友電話只是問聲晚安。
Or a mother who, at four o'clock,
或者一位母親，在4點鐘，
suddenly manages to find a corner in the toilet
突然在廁所的角落里打電話
to check that her children are safely home.
查問她的孩子們是否安全地回家。
Then there is another couple, there is a Brazilian couple.
接下來另一個例子，他們是一對巴西夫婦。
They've lived in Italy for a number of years.
他們在意大利生活多年。
They Skype with their families a few times a week.
他們與家人一個星期有幾次Skype聊天。
But once a fortnight, they actually put the computer on their dining table,
但是，每兩周一次，他們真的把電腦放在他們的餐桌上，
pull out the webcam and actually have dinner
設置好攝像頭，竟然就
with their family in Sao Paulo. And they have a big event of it.
與他們在圣保羅的家庭一起晚餐。他們有了一個家宴大活動。
And I heard this story the first time a couple of years ago
我第一次聽說這種故事是幾年前
from a very modest family
從一個非常溫馨的在瑞士居住的
of immigrants from Kosovo in Switzerland.
科索沃移民家庭。
They had set up a big screen in their living room,
他們在自己的客廳有一個大屏幕。
and every morning they had breakfast with their grandmother.
每天清晨，通過屏幕，他們與他們的祖母共進早餐。
But Danny Miller, who is a very good anthropologist
丹尼米勒Danny Miller是一位很好的人類學家，
who is working on Filipina migrant women
他研究菲律賓籍移民婦女，
who leave their children back in the Philippines,
這些婦女離開她們在菲律賓的孩子們，
was telling me about how much parenting is going on
他曾告訴我有父母教育子女是
through Skype,
通過Skype來交流的，
and how much these mothers are engaged with their children through Skype.
還有很多這些菲律賓母親們通過Skype來了解她們的孩子們。
And then there is the third couple. They are two friends.
然后還有第三個例子。他們是兩個朋友。
They chat to each other every day, a few times a day actually.
每天他們互相聊天，甚至一天好幾次。
And finally, finally, they've managed to put
最終他們工作時試著在電腦上
instant messaging on their computers at work.
使用即時消息聯系。
And now, obviously, they have it open.
現在，顯然地，他們公開交流。
Whenever they have a moment they chat to each other.
每當他們有空閑，他們就互相交談。
And this is exactly what we've been seeing
這也正是我們所看到的
with teenagers and kids doing it in school, under the table,
在學校,在課桌下，青少年和孩子們正這樣做，
and texting under the table to their friends.
并給他們的朋友們發短信。
So, none of these cases are unique.
所以，這些例子枚不勝舉。
I mean, I could tell you hundreds of them.
我意思是，我可以告訴你們數百個類似的例子。
But what is really exceptional is the setting.
但真正特別的是設定背景。
