評論
打印
The educated materials presented here
這里所用的教學材料
were developed by students and faculty
由愛荷華州立大學
of the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
食品科學與人類營養學系
at Iowa State University.
師生共同制作完成
Funding for this project was provided by grants
本項目的贊助資金來源于
from the American Cancer Society Midwest
美國中西部癌癥學會
and the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
以及蘭斯，阿姆斯特朗基金
The materials are intended for educational use
此材料僅供教育教學使用
and are not meant to provide medical advice.
不能作為醫學指導
We welcome your feedback about these materials.
我們歡迎您有關本材料的反饋
Please use the evaluation survey link on the homepage
請登陸主頁點擊評估調查鏈接
to provide your comments and suggestions.
告訴我們您的意見和建議
Today we will be discussing food allergies.
今天我們討論的是食物過敏
A food allergy is also known
食物過敏是
as a food hypersensitivity and occurs
一種食物過敏癥
when a normally harmless food elicits
由正常情況下
an immune response to the allergen
無害的食品引發的
which is usually a protein.
免疫系統對過敏原的反應
This immune response involves a release of
這里的過敏原通常是一種蛋白質
antibodies to fight the allergen and in turn
這種免疫反應包括抗體的釋放
this immune response brings upon
來對抗過敏原
the symptoms of food allergy.
同時這種反應就會帶來食物過敏的癥狀
Allergic or immunological reactions are
這些過敏和免疫反應被分為抗體
classified into IgE mediated and
IgE介導型
non-IgE mediated reactions.
和非IgE介導型反應
IgE is an antibody that is formed
IgE是免疫系統
by the immune system in response to
為了對抗它認為對人體有害的物質
a substance that the body deemed harmful.
而釋放的一種抗體
IgE antibodies elicit an immune response
IgE會引發免疫反應
causing histamine and other chemicals
這種免疫反應會導致組胺和其他物質的釋放
to be released and causes symptoms of an allergy.
從而引發過敏癥狀
If the response occurs several hours
如果在進食之后幾個小時
or a few days after consuming the food
甚至是幾天后才出現過敏反應
it is most likely a non-IgE response
那么極有可能這是一種非IgE介導型反應
which typically involves gastrointestinal symptoms
主要出現的是胃腸癥狀
such as nausea or stomach cramping.
比如惡心和胃痙攣
Typically IgE mediated reactions occur
典型的IgE介導型反應一般
a few minutes to within an hour of consumption
出現在進食后幾分鐘到一小時的時間內
and these symptoms include anaphylaxis and urticaria.
癥狀包括過敏性反應和蕁麻疹
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life threatening
過敏性反應是一種嚴重的可能會威脅生命的
hypersensitivity reaction defined by
過敏癥狀
a number of signs and symptoms
一般包括以下癥狀
ranging from coughing, airway constriction,
咳嗽，氣道狹窄
abdominal pain or faintness to chest pain
腹痛，暈厥，胸部疼痛
and the loss of consciousness.
和失去意識
It can range from mild to severe.
這些癥狀可能比較輕微，也可能非常嚴重
Most cases are mild but any anaphylaxis has
大多數病例的反應都比較溫和
the potential to become life threatening.
但任何一種過敏反應都會有威脅生命的可能
Urticaria is a skin reaction usually
蕁麻疹是一種皮膚上的反應
accompanied by swelling and itching.
通常伴有腫脹和瘙癢
Symptoms of food allergies vary
每個人的食物過敏癥狀都不同
between individuals but the most common are
但是最常見的
swelling, sneezing, nausea, digestive problems,
包括腫脹，打噴嚏，惡心，消化不良
hives or swollen airways.
蕁麻疹以及氣道腫脹
Others include itchy eyes, hives, skin rash,
其他一些癥狀包括眼部瘙癢，蕁麻疹，皮疹
tightness of the throat, shortness of breath,
喉嚨發緊，氣短
runny nose, abdominal pain, nausea,
流鼻涕，腹痛，惡心
vomiting and diarrhea.
嘔吐和腹瀉
We will now discuss foods most commonly
我們現在討論通常會出現
associated with allergic reactions.
過敏性反應的食物過敏
Milk, eggs, wheat and soy are frequent allergies
牛奶，雞蛋，小麥和大豆是在兒童中常見的
that many children have but will grow out of.
引發過敏的食品，但隨著年齡增長會逐漸消失
On the other hand an allergy to peanuts, tree nuts,
而另一方面，對花生，干果
fish and shellfish tend to be lifelong conditions.
魚類和貝類的食物過敏卻會伴隨人的一生
Adverse food reactions consist of
不同食物過敏反應包括對不同食物
a variety of responses to food or food additives
和食物添加劑的
that are consumed.
過敏反應
The majority of these responses are not allergenic
這里的大多數并不是過敏性反應
but caused by food intolerance and
只是由食物耐受不良
caused by particular food properties
或者某種食物的性質所導致
such as caffeine causing irritable bowel syndrome,
比如咖啡因會引發腸道易激綜合癥
metabolic disorders such as lactose intolerance
以及代謝失常，比如乳糖不耐癥
resulting from a lack of an enzyme
是由體內缺乏一種酶導致的
to break down lactose in milk or food
這種酶可以分解牛奶中
contaminated with bacteria.
或者被細菌污染的食物中的乳糖成分
Psychological reactions to food can also lead to
對食物的一些心理反應也會導致
the belief of the prevalence of a food allergy.
相信食物過敏的普遍存在
