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When, in 1960, still a student,
1960年我還是學(xué)生時(shí)，
I got a traveling fellowship
拿到出國(guó)留學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，
to study housing in North America.
研究北美的住宅建筑。
We traveled the country.
我們游遍美國(guó)，
We saw public housing high-rise buildings in all major cities:
看到所有大城市里的公共住宅大樓：
New York, Philadelphia.
象是紐約、費(fèi)城。
Those who have no choice lived there.
那些人別無(wú)選擇，只能住在那里。
And then we traveled from suburb to suburb,
之后我們參訪各個(gè)郊區(qū)，
and I came back thinking,
回來(lái)后我想
we've got to reinvent the apartment building.
我們應(yīng)該重新創(chuàng)造公寓建筑。
There has to be another way of doing this.
應(yīng)該要有其它方式來(lái)蓋這些房子。
We can't sustain suburbs,
我們無(wú)法做到郊區(qū)般的住宅質(zhì)量，
so let's design a building
那就設(shè)計(jì)一座建筑，
which gives the qualities of a house to each unit.
讓家家戶戶都能擁有像一棟房屋般的質(zhì)量。
Habitat would be all about gardens,
"棲地"最重要的就是花園，
contact with nature,
與自然和街道親近，
streets instead of corridors.
而非面對(duì)窄小回廊。
We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy,
為了節(jié)省經(jīng)費(fèi)，我們運(yùn)用組合屋，
and there it is almost 50 years later.
這個(gè)地方存在將近50年了，
It's a very desirable place to live in.
還是個(gè)讓人向往入住的地區(qū)。
It's now a heritage building,
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是老建筑了，
but it did not proliferate.
但這種建筑并沒(méi)有擴(kuò)張出去。
In 1973, I made my first trip to China.
我在1973年首次造訪中國(guó)，
It was the Cultural Revolution.
當(dāng)時(shí)正值文化大革命時(shí)期。
We traveled the country,
我們走遍全國(guó)，
met with architects and planners.
和一些建筑師、規(guī)劃師見(jiàn)面。
This is Beijing then,
這是當(dāng)時(shí)的北京，
not a single high rise building
沒(méi)有一棟高樓大廈
in Beijing or Shanghai.
存在北京或上海之中。
Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city.
深圳甚至談不上是個(gè)城市，
There were hardly any cars.
那里連車子都沒(méi)有。
Thirty years later,
30年后，
this is Beijing today.
這是現(xiàn)在的北京。
This is Hong Kong.
這是香港。
If you're wealthy, you live there,
如果你很有錢，就會(huì)住在這，
if you're poor, you live there,
如果你很窮，就會(huì)住在這，
but high density it is, and it's not just Asia.
但并非只有亞洲的環(huán)境如此密集。
So Paulo, you can travel
圣保羅也是，
in a helicopter 45 minutes
你可以花45分鐘在直升機(jī)上，
seeing those high-rise buildings consume
看那些高樓大廈吞噬
the 19th-century low-rise environment.
19世紀(jì)矮房子的環(huán)境。
And with it, comes congestion,
結(jié)果造成交通壅塞、
and we lose mobility, and so on and so forth.
城市擁擠等問(wèn)題。
So a few years ago, we decided to go back
因此幾年前，
and rethink Habitat.
我們決定回頭重新思考"棲地"。
Could we make it more affordable?
我們能讓價(jià)格更平易近人嗎？
Could we actually achieve this quality of life
我們真能達(dá)到這樣的生活質(zhì)量，
in the densities that are prevailing today?
即使是在現(xiàn)今普遍稠密的環(huán)境嗎？
And we realized, it's basically about light,
我們了解基本上和光源有關(guān)，
it's about sun, it's about nature,
和太陽(yáng)有關(guān)，和自然有關(guān)，
it's about fractalization.
和碎形化有關(guān)。
Can we open up the surface of the building
我們能不能展開(kāi)建筑的表面，
so that it has more contact with the exterior?
讓它和外界有更多接觸？
We came up with a number of models:
我們想出一些模型：
economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;
經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的模型，建造的費(fèi)用更低、更精巧；
membranes of housing
膜狀的住房
where people could design their own house
大家可以設(shè)計(jì)自宅的外部，
and create their own gardens.
打造自己的花園。
