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In northern climates, sun exposure is not sufficient
在北半球，秋天，冬天和
in the fall, winter, or spring
春天的日照不充足
to maintain Vitamin D levels.
難以保持維生素D的含量
Therefore, it is especially important to
因此，特別重要的一點(diǎn)是
consume foods rich in Vitamin D during these months.
要在這些季節(jié)食用富含維生素D的食物
The discovery of multiple functions of Vitamin D
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)維生素D的多種功能
that are important for growth and development
它對生長和發(fā)育非常重要
including regulation of cellular differentiation
對細(xì)胞分化
and apoptosis, preeclampsia, immune system development
細(xì)胞死亡，驚厥前期，免疫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育
and brain development has led to increase interest
及大腦發(fā)育都非常重要，這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)引起了
in the role of this vitamin during pregnancy.
大家對孕期衛(wèi)生素D作用的關(guān)注
In 2007, Bouldenar et al. investigated the link
2007年 Bouldenar和他人合作
between preeclampsia and Vitamin D deficiency.
一起研究了驚厥前期與缺乏維生素D之間的關(guān)系
In the study, women between sixteen weeks gestation
在這項(xiàng)研究中，調(diào)研的女性是懷孕6周
to birth were followed.
到即將臨盆的
Serum samples were taken at less than
血清樣本是在
22 weeks gestation, a pre-delivery,
懷孕不到22周，臨盆前
and from the cord blood.
以及臍帶血中提取的
The study included 55 women
研究對象是55名有驚厥前期癥狀的女性
with preeclampsia and 220 controls.
同時還有220人組成的控制組
The results were that maternal Vitamin D deficiency
研究表明，母體在懷孕22周內(nèi)
at less than 22 weeks gestation
缺乏維生素D
was a strong independent risk factor for preeclampsia.
是引發(fā)驚厥前期的一個重要因素
Importantly, there was a dose response relationship
至關(guān)重要的是，一個劑量反應(yīng)存在于
between maternal serum Vitamin D
產(chǎn)婦血清中維生素D含量
and risk of preeclampsia.
與驚厥前期風(fēng)險之間
As maternal serum Vitamin D concentrations
隨著產(chǎn)婦血清中維生素D的含量
at less than 22 weeks increased,
在懷孕22周得以增加
the risk of preeclampsia stikingly decreased.
發(fā)生驚厥前期的可能性會大大降低
Additionally, they observed that
此外，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)
neonates born to preeclamptic mothers
有驚厥前期的母親產(chǎn)下的嬰兒
were significantly more likely to
更有可能
have a poor Vitamin D status
缺乏維生素D
than neonates of control mothers.
和那些控制組的母親所產(chǎn)的嬰兒相比的話
Early pregnancy maternal Vitamin D concentrations
懷孕早期，母體的維生素D含量
less than 37.5 nanmolars per liter was associated with
每升低于37.5的
a five fold increase in the odds of preeclampsia.
驚厥前期的發(fā)生率會提高5倍
At delivery, maternal Vitamin D concentrations
分娩時，母體的維生素D含量
remained 15% lower in women with overt preeclampsia
低于15%的會更易發(fā)生前期驚厥
compared with non-preeclamptic controls.
和那些不發(fā)生前期驚厥的控制組相比的話
New borns of preeclamptic mothers
前期驚厥的母親產(chǎn)下的嬰兒
were twice as likely as newborns
與控制組母親產(chǎn)下的嬰兒相比更有可能
of non-preeclamptic mothers to have a low Vitamin D.
維生素D含量不足
Folic acid reduces the risk of birth defects
葉酸能夠降低先天畸形的風(fēng)險
that affect the spinal cord.
這類畸形會影響到脊髓
It is also needed to produce blood
同時還需要為嬰兒造血
and protein for the baby.
和蛋白質(zhì)
Unfortunately, most women have low intake
遺憾的是，大多數(shù)女性葉酸服用量不足
of folate and therefore risk folate-related problems during pregnancy.
因此，很易在孕期出現(xiàn)相關(guān)的問題
For this reason, women are advised to
所以，建議女性
increase folic acid in the diet before they become pregnant.
在懷孕前在飲食中增加葉酸的含量
This may be difficult because many women
這點(diǎn)也許很難，因?yàn)楹芏嗯?/div>
have unplanned pregnancies.
都是意外受孕
Therefore, it is crucial to increase intake
因此，非常重要的一點(diǎn)是，增加葉酸攝入量
when planning or capable of becoming pregnant.
如果計(jì)劃懷孕或者能夠懷孕時
For most women, starting folate supplementation
對大多數(shù)女性而言
one month before pregnancy is sufficient
在懷孕前一個月開始服用葉酸足矣
to ensure adequate folate levels before pregnancy.
這樣就可以保證滿足孕期葉酸的需求量了
Pregnant women need 600 micrograms of folic acid a day
孕婦每天需要攝入600微克葉酸
which is 200 micrograms a day more than non-pregnant women.
就是要每天比未孕婦女多服用200微克
