評(píng)論
打印
High amounts of mercury are found
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的汞存在于
in large, predatory fish, such as king mackerel,
體積較大的掠食性魚(yú)的體內(nèi)，如大西洋馬鮫
pike, shark, walleye, barracuda, and large tuna.
狗魚(yú)，鯊魚(yú)，白眼魚(yú)，梭魚(yú)類，和大金槍魚(yú)
Therefore, these types of fish should be consumed
因此，這些魚(yú)肉的食用量
at less than a hundred grams per week,
每周不能多于100克
which is a small portion.
這一食用比重很小
For tuna, it is recommended that
對(duì)金槍魚(yú)而言，建議大家
it should be consumed no more than twice per week.
每周食用的次數(shù)不要超過(guò)兩次
Potential pathogens in food include listeria,
食物內(nèi)的病原體包括李斯特菌屬
which is an air-borne bacteria that can grow
這是一種空氣中產(chǎn)生的細(xì)菌，可以在
at refrigeration temperatures.
制冷溫度下滋生
Listeriosis can affect the fetus
李氏桿菌可能影響到胎兒
and cause spontaneous abortions.
引發(fā)自然流產(chǎn)
It can be found in deli meats and unpasteurized milk;
這種細(xì)菌見(jiàn)于熟食和未經(jīng)高溫消毒的牛奶
hence, consuming these foods is not recommended during pregnancy.
因此，不建議在孕期食用這些食物
Toxoplasma gondii is the other pathogen
剛地弓形蟲(chóng)是另一種病原體
that can exist in food.
它存在于食物中
Toxoplasma gondii can pass through the placenta
剛地弓形蟲(chóng)能夠穿過(guò)胎盤(pán)
therefore inflecting the fetus.
進(jìn)而影響胎兒
Toxoplasma gondii is common in house cats
剛地弓形蟲(chóng)常見(jiàn)于家貓身上
and therefore it is advised against that
因此建議
pregnant women avoid feces of cats
孕婦要避免接觸貓的糞便
and wash their hands thoroughly after being around cat feces.
而且要在接觸貓的糞便后徹底洗手
It can also be found in contaminated
這種病菌也存在于受污染的
and undercooked meat, unwashed fruits,
或者煮得欠熟的肉類，沒(méi)洗的水果
unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water.
未經(jīng)消毒的牛奶以及被污染了的水中
Good food safety practices are important
良好的食物安全措施非常重要
for the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
對(duì)母親和胎兒的健康非常重要
Always store food properly,
要正確地儲(chǔ)存食物
cook to recommended temperatures,
根據(jù)建議的溫度烹制食物
avoid cross-contamination
避免交叉污染
and properly clean surfaces and utensils.
徹底清潔餐具和餐臺(tái)表面
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients
歐美加3脂肪酸是必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)
meaning they must be provided by the diet.
意味著它們只能通過(guò)飲食提供
Studies have shown positive correlations
研究表明
between adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids
適當(dāng)?shù)臄z入歐美加3脂肪酸
and child growth, development, and health.
與兒童的成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)育和健康之間有正相關(guān)關(guān)系
During pregnancy these fatty acids may help
懷孕期間，這些脂肪酸能夠幫助
develop cognitive and visual functions in the fetus.
形成胎兒的認(rèn)知及視覺(jué)功能
Although the minimum amount for this
盡管歐美加3脂肪酸的最小攝入量
have not been fully determined.
還未完全有定論
Maternal dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids
母親在飲食中攝入歐美加3脂肪酸
results in higher levels of these fatty acids
有助于提高母乳中的脂肪酸含量
in breast milk; therefore, during lactation,
因此，在哺乳期間
the omega-3 fatty acids can be transferred
歐美加3脂肪酸可以
from the mother to the fetus.
從母體轉(zhuǎn)移到胎兒身上
Currently, the recommendation for
如今，歐美加3的建議
omega-3 fatty acid consumption is
攝入量是
200 milligrams per day.
每天200毫克
Sources of omega-3 fatty acids
含有歐美加3的食物有
include oily fish such as salmon and fish oils,
含油多的魚(yú)類，如大馬哈魚(yú)，魚(yú)肝油
canola oil, and flaxseed.
菜籽油和亞麻仁等
In 2007, Colletsco et al. reviewed randomized studies
2007年 Colletsco和一些學(xué)者
on dietary fat intake during pregnancy
綜述了一些關(guān)于孕期脂肪攝入量的研究
in order to provide a recommended intake level.
目的在于提供一個(gè)僅供參考的攝入量
They evaluated studies that have been done on women
他們?cè)u(píng)估了一些關(guān)于懷孕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低或
with low-risk pregnancies or high-risk pregnancies
懷孕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的婦女的研究
and provided daily DHA intakes ranging
并提出每天DHA的攝入量應(yīng)當(dāng)從
from 150 to 200 milligrams a day
150毫克至200毫克
up to about 1,200 milligrams a day.
提高至1200毫克
The results of the study were that
該項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是
dietary fat intake during pregnancy
孕期和哺乳期的脂肪攝入量
and lactation as a proportion of energy intake
是能量來(lái)源的一部分
should be the same as that recommended for the general population.
因此，應(yīng)當(dāng)和普通人的建議攝入量一樣
