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Sources of folic acid include fortified foods
葉酸的食物來源包括強化食品
such as cereals, pastas, and breads, and green vegetables.
如谷類，意大利面，面包，和綠葉蔬菜等
For many women, food sources alone are not sufficient
對很多女性而言，食物來源還不夠
to meet folate needs;
滿足葉酸需求
therefore, supplementation is advised.
因此，建議服用補品
All women of child-bearing age
所有的育齡婦女
should consume at least 400 micrograms
都應至少每天
of folic acid each day.
服用葉酸400微克
In a recent study, Amerian and Olbidat
最近一項研究中 Amerian和
reviewed how mandatory fortification of folic acid
Olbidat研究了食物中的加強型葉酸
into foods impacted the incidence
如何影響
of neural tube defects in Jordan.
影響約旦地區新生兒神經管缺損事例的發生
Like many countries, Jordan mandated fortification
像許多國家一樣，約旦規定
of cereal foods with folic acid
在雜糧食物中加入葉酸
which led to an increase of approximately 30 to 70%
這使得育齡婦女
in the intake of folic acid
葉酸服用量
among women of child-bearing age.
提高了大概30%到70%
In this population, 87% of the neural tube defects
在該國人口中 87%的新生兒神經管缺損與
were attributed to Spina Bifida.
歸因于脊柱裂
A total of 61,447 live births between 2000 and 2006
2000年至2006年間 61447個
at Princess Bedai Teaching Hospital were analyzed.
新生兒在伯黛王妃醫學院附屬醫院得以分析
The authors looked at the prevalence
這兩個研究人員查看了
of neural tube defects before,
神經管缺損
during, and after fortification.
在營養加強前，加強中和加強后的情況
In the period before folic acid fortification,
在加強葉酸之前
the incidence of neural tube defects was 1.85
神經管缺損的發生率為每一千個嬰兒中
per 1000 live births.
有1.85人患有此病
During the introduction period of fortification,
在加強葉酸的階段
the incidence dropped to 1.07
該比率下降到1.07
and in the period after fortification,
葉酸加強階段之后
it had decreased to 0.95. In conclusion,
該比率降至0.95。總之
there was a significant decline of 49% in
加強葉酸攝入量后
the overall incidence of neural tube defects
整個的新生兒神經管缺損率
after folic acid fortification.
下降了49%
Maternal anemia due to iron deficiency
由缺鐵引發的母體貧血
is a common pregnancy risk.
是一種常見的懷孕風險
Iron is essential for red blood cells
鐵元素對紅細胞
to deliver oxygen to the baby during pregnancy.
在孕期把氧氣輸送給胎兒非常重要
And during pregnancy, increased blood cells are needed
而且在孕期需要提高紅細胞的數量
to meet the needs of the growing fetus.
以滿足不斷生長的胎兒的需要
Studies have shown that
研究表明
iron intake by non-pregnant women is often inadequate;
未懷孕女性攝入的鐵元素常常不足
therefore, increasing iron intake
因此，在孕前增加鐵的攝入
before pregnancy is necessary.
是非常必要的
Pregnant women need at least 27 milligrams
孕婦每天至少需要27毫克鐵元素
of iron a day which is higher than
這一數值要稍微高一些
the 15-18 milligrams needed for non-pregnant women.
和未懷孕婦女15至18毫克的需求量相比
Iron is most available from red meats and chicken.
鐵元素的最常見的食物來源是紅肉和雞肉
Plant sources of iron include spinach, kale,
鐵的植物來源包括菠菜，甘藍菜
leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals.
綠葉蔬菜，黃豆，加強型雜糧等
However, the iron in these foods is poorly absorbed.
但是，這些食物中的鐵元素并未被很好地吸收
Therefore, vegetarians and women who do not eat meat
因此，素食者和不吃肉的女性
should increase iron absorption
應當增加鐵的攝入量
by combining plant-based sources of iron
多吃含鐵的植物
with Vitamin C-rich foods,
和富含維生素C的食物
for example, try a spinach salad with Mandarin oranges
例如，嘗試一下蜜桔和菠菜的沙拉
or cereal with strawberries.
或是草莓與雜糧沙拉
And in many cases, an iron supplement is necessary
很多情況下，鐵元素補品也是很必要的
to ensure meeting the requirements
能夠滿足人體
for this important nutrient.
對鐵元素的需求
